eprintid: 10205877 rev_number: 7 eprint_status: archive userid: 699 dir: disk0/10/20/58/77 datestamp: 2025-03-11 13:42:00 lastmod: 2025-03-11 13:42:00 status_changed: 2025-03-11 13:42:00 type: article metadata_visibility: show sword_depositor: 699 creators_name: Priyadarshi, Abhinav creators_name: Prentice, Paul creators_name: Eskin, Dmitry creators_name: Lee, Peter D creators_name: Tzanakis, Iakovos title: Synchronized acoustic emission and high-speed imaging of cavitation-induced atomization: The role of shock waves ispublished: pub divisions: UCL divisions: B04 divisions: F45 keywords: Ultrasonic atomization, Cavitation bubbles, water, Isopropyl alcohol, Glycerol, high-speed imaging, Acoustic emissions, Shock waves note: © The Author(s), 2025. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ abstract: This study experimentally investigates the role of cavitation-induced shock waves in initiating and destabilizing capillary (surface) waves on a droplet surface, preceding atomization. Acoustic emissions and interfacial wave dynamics were simultaneously monitored in droplets of different liquids (water, isopropyl alcohol and glycerol), using a calibrated fiber-optic hydrophone and high-speed imaging. Spectral analysis of the hydrophone data revealed distinct subharmonic frequency peaks in the acoustic spectrum correlated with the wavelength of capillary waves, which were optically captured during the onset of atomization from the repetitive imploding bubbles. This finding provides the first direct evidence that the wavelength of the growing surface waves, which governs capillary instability resulting in droplet breakup, is linked to the periodicity of shock waves responsible for the onset of the subharmonic frequencies detected in the acoustic spectra. This work contributes to a deeper understanding of ultrasonic atomization, signifying the role of cavitation and shock waves in the atomization process. date: 2025-02 date_type: published publisher: ELSEVIER official_url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107233 oa_status: green full_text_type: pub language: eng primo: open primo_central: open_green verified: verified_manual elements_id: 2358786 doi: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107233 medium: Print-Electronic pii: S1350-4177(25)00012-4 lyricists_name: Lee, Peter lyricists_id: PLEEX57 actors_name: Lee, Peter actors_id: PLEEX57 actors_role: owner funding_acknowledgements: EP/W006774/1 [UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC)]; EP/W006154/1 [UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC)]; EP/W00593X/1 [UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC)]; NIF\R1\221238 [Royal Society via the Isaac Newton International Fellowship]; 1203770538 [British Council via the International Science Partnerships Fund] full_text_status: public publication: Ultrasonics Sonochemistry volume: 113 article_number: 107233 pages: 13 event_location: Netherlands issn: 1350-4177 citation: Priyadarshi, Abhinav; Prentice, Paul; Eskin, Dmitry; Lee, Peter D; Tzanakis, Iakovos; (2025) Synchronized acoustic emission and high-speed imaging of cavitation-induced atomization: The role of shock waves. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry , 113 , Article 107233. 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107233 <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107233>. Green open access document_url: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10205877/1/Synchronized%20acoustic%20emission%20and%20high-speed%20imaging%20of%20cavitation-induced%20atomization%20The%20role%20of%20shock%20waves.pdf