eprintid: 10205737 rev_number: 8 eprint_status: archive userid: 699 dir: disk0/10/20/57/37 datestamp: 2025-03-07 13:00:08 lastmod: 2025-03-07 13:05:01 status_changed: 2025-03-07 13:00:08 type: article metadata_visibility: show sword_depositor: 699 creators_name: Owen-Boukra, Emily creators_name: Cai, Ziyue creators_name: Duddy, Claire creators_name: Fudge, Nina creators_name: Hamer-Hunt, Julia creators_name: Husson, Fran creators_name: Mahtani, Kamal R creators_name: Ogden, Margaret creators_name: Swinglehurst, Deborah creators_name: Turner, Malcolm creators_name: Whittlesea, Cate creators_name: Wong, Geoff creators_name: Park, Sophie title: Collaborative and integrated working between general practice and community pharmacies: A realist review of what works, for whom, and in which contexts ispublished: pub divisions: UCL divisions: B02 divisions: C08 divisions: D10 divisions: D12 divisions: G20 keywords: Community pharmacies, general practice, realist review note: This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) which permits any use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access page (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage). abstract: OBJECTIVES: Collaborative and integrated (C + I) working between general practice and community pharmacies has the potential to increase accessibility to services, improve service efficiency and quality of care, and reduce health care expenditures. Many existing studies report challenges and complexities inherent in establishing effective C + I ways of working. The aim of our review is to understand how, when and why working arrangements between General Practitioners (GP) and Community Pharmacists (CP) can provide the conditions necessary for effective communication, decision-making, and C + I working. METHODS: We conducted a realist review to explore the key contextual factors and mechanisms through which GP-CP C + I working may be achieved. MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, HMIC, Web of Science, IBSS, ASSIA, Sociological Abstracts, Sociology Database and the King’s Fund Library Database were searched for articles and grey literature published between January 2000 and April 2022. RESULTS: A total of 136 documents were included in the final synthesis. Our findings highlight the importance of mutually beneficial remuneration models to support effective integration of services; supportive organisational cultures and values; flexible and agile IT systems/technologies; adequate physical infrastructure and space design to support multidisciplinary teamworking; the importance of establishing patient’s trust in collaborative processes between GP-CP; and the need to acknowledge, support and utilise effective triadic relationships. CONCLUSIONS: Our research generates new insights regarding how, why and in which contexts C + I working can be achieved between GPs and CPs. The findings of our review can be used to inform future policy, research and clinical practice guidelines for designing and delivering C + I care. date: 2025-04 date_type: published publisher: SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC official_url: https://doi.org/10.1177/13558196241290923 oa_status: green full_text_type: pub language: eng primo: open primo_central: open_green verified: verified_manual elements_id: 2090991 doi: 10.1177/13558196241290923 medium: Print-Electronic lyricists_name: Owen, Emily lyricists_name: Whittlesea, Catherine lyricists_name: Park, Sophie lyricists_id: EOWEN62 lyricists_id: CWHIA33 lyricists_id: SPARK77 actors_name: Harris, Jean actors_id: JAHAR68 actors_role: owner funding_acknowledgements: SPCR567 [NIHR School for Primary Care Research] full_text_status: public publication: Journal of Health Services Research & Policy volume: 30 number: 2 pagerange: 136-148 pages: 13 event_location: England issn: 1355-8196 citation: Owen-Boukra, Emily; Cai, Ziyue; Duddy, Claire; Fudge, Nina; Hamer-Hunt, Julia; Husson, Fran; Mahtani, Kamal R; ... Park, Sophie; + view all <#> Owen-Boukra, Emily; Cai, Ziyue; Duddy, Claire; Fudge, Nina; Hamer-Hunt, Julia; Husson, Fran; Mahtani, Kamal R; Ogden, Margaret; Swinglehurst, Deborah; Turner, Malcolm; Whittlesea, Cate; Wong, Geoff; Park, Sophie; - view fewer <#> (2025) Collaborative and integrated working between general practice and community pharmacies: A realist review of what works, for whom, and in which contexts. Journal of Health Services Research & Policy , 30 (2) pp. 136-148. 10.1177/13558196241290923 <https://doi.org/10.1177/13558196241290923>. Green open access document_url: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10205737/1/owen_boukra.pdf