eprintid: 10205655 rev_number: 10 eprint_status: archive userid: 699 dir: disk0/10/20/56/55 datestamp: 2025-03-06 09:46:39 lastmod: 2025-03-06 09:48:14 status_changed: 2025-03-06 09:46:39 type: article metadata_visibility: show sword_depositor: 699 creators_name: Ling, Juan creators_name: Brands, Raina creators_name: Brass, Dan creators_name: Liu, De creators_name: Borgatti, Steve creators_name: Mehra, Ajay title: Gender, structural holes, and citations: The effects of women’s increasing proportional representation in a field ispublished: inpress divisions: UCL divisions: B04 divisions: F49 keywords: Gender, social networks, structural holes, citations, knowledge production note: This version is the author accepted manuscript. For information on re-use, please refer to the publisher’s terms and conditions. abstract: Large, sparsely connected social networks (i.e., networks rich in “structural holes”) are advantageous because they provide an informational edge. However, some studies have found that hole-rich networks can be a disadvantage for women. We examine the question: Are the returns women derive from structural holes contingent on women’s changing proportional representation in a field? Focusing on the context of knowledge production, with citations as a key metric of success, we analyzed co-authorship and citation data from elite management journals (1970-2006) using panel-data regression. Our findings reveal that the number of structural holes in women’s collaboration networks positively correlates with citations until women's proportion in the field reaches approximately 30 percent. Beyond this tipping point, the relationship becomes negative and significant. This result remains robust after controlling for variables such as previous citations (both the individual's and coauthors'), career stage, authorship order, gender homophily, and institutional status. Our study suggests that understanding the interplay between gender, structural holes, and citations requires a contextual perspective that considers the evolving circumstances women face as their representation in a field grows. date: 2025 date_type: published publisher: SAGE Publications official_url: https://journals.sagepub.com/home/gom oa_status: green full_text_type: other language: eng primo: open primo_central: open_green verified: verified_manual elements_id: 2366228 lyricists_name: Brands, Raina lyricists_id: RABRA66 actors_name: Brands, Raina actors_id: RABRA66 actors_role: owner full_text_status: public publication: Group and Organization Management issn: 1059-6011 citation: Ling, Juan; Brands, Raina; Brass, Dan; Liu, De; Borgatti, Steve; Mehra, Ajay; (2025) Gender, structural holes, and citations: The effects of women’s increasing proportional representation in a field. Group and Organization Management (In press). Green open access document_url: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10205655/1/Brands_GOM%20Final.pdf