TY  - JOUR
ID  - discovery10205177
EP  - 421
N2  - Organoids are innovative three-dimensional and self-organizing cell cultures of various lineages that can be used to study diverse tissues and organs. Human organoids have dramatically increased our understanding of developmental and disease biology. They provide a patient-specific model to study known diseases, with advantages over animal models, and can also provide insights into emerging and future health threats related to climate change, zoonotic infections, environmental pollutants or even microgravity during space exploration. Furthermore, organoids show potential for regenerative cell therapies and organ transplantation. Still, several challenges for broad clinical application remain, including inefficiencies in initiation and expansion, increasing model complexity and difficulties with upscaling clinical-grade cultures and developing more organ-specific human tissue microenvironments. To achieve the full potential of organoid technology, interdisciplinary efforts are needed, integrating advances from biology, bioengineering, computational science, ethics and clinical research. In this Review, we showcase pivotal achievements in epithelial organoid research and technologies and provide an outlook for the future of organoids in advancing human health and medicine.
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-024-03489-3
VL  - 31
A1  - Verstegen, Monique MA
A1  - Coppes, Rob P
A1  - Beghin, Anne
A1  - De Coppi, Paolo
A1  - Gerli, Mattia FM
A1  - de Graeff, Nienke
A1  - Pan, Qiuwei
A1  - Saito, Yoshimasa
A1  - Shi, Shaojun
A1  - Zadpoor, Amir A
A1  - van der Laan, Luc JW
Y1  - 2025/02/03/
TI  - Clinical applications of human organoids
PB  - Nature Publishing Group
N1  - This version is the author accepted manuscript. For information on re-use, please refer to the publisher?s terms and conditions.
IS  - 2
JF  - Nature Medicine
AV  - restricted
SN  - 1078-8956
SP  - 409
ER  -