eprintid: 10205125 rev_number: 12 eprint_status: archive userid: 699 dir: disk0/10/20/51/25 datestamp: 2025-02-21 10:49:13 lastmod: 2025-02-21 10:52:38 status_changed: 2025-02-21 10:49:13 type: article metadata_visibility: show sword_depositor: 699 creators_name: Ferraro, Laura creators_name: Di Forti, Marta creators_name: La Barbera, Daniele creators_name: La Cascia, Caterina creators_name: Morgan, Craig creators_name: Tripoli, Giada creators_name: Jongsma, Hannah creators_name: Seminerio, Fabio creators_name: Sartorio, Crocettarachele creators_name: Sideli, Lucia creators_name: Tarricone, Ilaria creators_name: Carloni, Anna Lisa creators_name: Szoke, Andrei creators_name: Pignon, Baptiste creators_name: Bernardo, Miguel creators_name: de Haan, Lieuwe creators_name: Arango, Celso creators_name: Velthorst, Eva creators_name: Gayer-Anderson, Charlotte creators_name: Kirkbride, James creators_name: Rutten, Bart PF creators_name: Lasalvia, Antonio creators_name: Tosato, Sarah creators_name: Del Ben, Cristina Marta creators_name: Menezes, Paulo Rossi creators_name: Bobes, Julio creators_name: Arrojo, Manuel creators_name: Tortelli, Andrea creators_name: Jones, Peter creators_name: Selten, Jean-Paul creators_name: van Os, Jim creators_name: Murray, Robin creators_name: Quattrone, Diego creators_name: Vassos, Evangelos title: Cognitive presentation at psychosis onset through premorbid deterioration and exposure to environmental risk factors ispublished: pub divisions: UCL divisions: B02 divisions: C07 divisions: D79 divisions: FH7 keywords: Social Sciences, Science & Technology, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Psychology, Clinical, Psychiatry, Psychology, cannabis, childhood abuse, cluster analysis, IQ, risk factors, migration, CANNABIS USE, 1ST-EPISODE PSYCHOSIS, CHILDHOOD TRAUMA, SCHIZOPHRENIA, ADJUSTMENT, VALIDITY, QUESTIONNAIRE, METAANALYSIS, EXPERIENCES note: Creative Commons Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BYCreative Common License - NCCreative Common License - ND This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided that no alterations are made and the original article is properly cited. The written permission of Cambridge University Press must be obtained prior to any commercial use and/or adaptation of the article. Copyright © The Author(s), 2025. Published by Cambridge University Press abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous studies identified clusters of first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients based on cognition and premorbid adjustment. This study examined a range of socio-environmental risk factors associated with clusters of FEP, aiming a) to compare clusters of FEP and community controls using the Maudsley Environmental Risk Score for psychosis (ERS), a weighted sum of the following risks: paternal age, childhood adversities, cannabis use, and ethnic minority membership; b) to explore the putative differences in specific environmental risk factors in distinguishing within patient clusters and from controls. METHODS: A univariable general linear model (GLS) compared the ERS between 1,263 community controls and clusters derived from 802 FEP patients, namely, low (n = 223) and high-cognitive-functioning (n = 205), intermediate (n = 224) and deteriorating (n = 150), from the EU-GEI study. A multivariable GLS compared clusters and controls by different exposures included in the ERS. RESULTS: The ERS was higher in all clusters compared to controls, mostly in the deteriorating (β=2.8, 95% CI 2.3 3.4, η2 = 0.049) and the low-cognitive-functioning cluster (β=2.4, 95% CI 1.9 2.8, η2 = 0.049) and distinguished them from the cluster with high-cognitive-functioning. The deteriorating cluster had higher cannabis exposure (meandifference = 0.48, 95% CI 0.49 0.91) than the intermediate having identical IQ, and more people from an ethnic minority (meandifference = 0.77, 95% CI 0.24 1.29) compared to the high-cognitive-functioning cluster. CONCLUSIONS: High exposure to environmental risk factors might result in cognitive impairment and lower-than-expected functioning in individuals at the onset of psychosis. Some patients' trajectories involved risk factors that could be modified by tailored interventions. date: 2025-02-05 date_type: published publisher: CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS official_url: https://doi.org/10.1017/s0033291724003507 oa_status: green full_text_type: pub language: eng primo: open primo_central: open_green verified: verified_manual elements_id: 2358823 doi: 10.1017/S0033291724003507 medium: Electronic pii: S0033291724003507 lyricists_name: Kirkbride, James lyricists_id: JBKIR68 actors_name: Kirkbride, James actors_id: JBKIR68 actors_role: owner funding_acknowledgements: [National Institute for Health and Care Research]; [EU-GEI team - NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London] full_text_status: public publication: Psychological Medicine volume: 55 article_number: e12 pages: 11 event_location: England issn: 0033-2917 citation: Ferraro, Laura; Di Forti, Marta; La Barbera, Daniele; La Cascia, Caterina; Morgan, Craig; Tripoli, Giada; Jongsma, Hannah; ... Vassos, Evangelos; + view all <#> Ferraro, Laura; Di Forti, Marta; La Barbera, Daniele; La Cascia, Caterina; Morgan, Craig; Tripoli, Giada; Jongsma, Hannah; Seminerio, Fabio; Sartorio, Crocettarachele; Sideli, Lucia; Tarricone, Ilaria; Carloni, Anna Lisa; Szoke, Andrei; Pignon, Baptiste; Bernardo, Miguel; de Haan, Lieuwe; Arango, Celso; Velthorst, Eva; Gayer-Anderson, Charlotte; Kirkbride, James; Rutten, Bart PF; Lasalvia, Antonio; Tosato, Sarah; Del Ben, Cristina Marta; Menezes, Paulo Rossi; Bobes, Julio; Arrojo, Manuel; Tortelli, Andrea; Jones, Peter; Selten, Jean-Paul; van Os, Jim; Murray, Robin; Quattrone, Diego; Vassos, Evangelos; - view fewer <#> (2025) Cognitive presentation at psychosis onset through premorbid deterioration and exposure to environmental risk factors. Psychological Medicine , 55 , Article e12. 10.1017/S0033291724003507 <https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291724003507>. Green open access document_url: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10205125/7/Kirkbride_cognitive-presentation-at-psychosis-onset-through-premorbid-deterioration-and-exposure-to-environmental-risk-factors.pdf