TY - JOUR EP - 352 N2 - Increasing evidence points to a pivotal role of immune processes in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease, which is the most prevalent neurodegenerative and dementia-causing disease of our time. Multiple lines of information provided by experimental, epidemiological, neuropathological and genetic studies suggest a pathological role for innate and adaptive immune activation in this disease. Here, we review the cell types and pathological mechanisms involved in disease development as well as the influence of genetics and lifestyle factors. Given the decade-long preclinical stage of Alzheimer disease, these mechanisms and their interactions are driving forces behind the spread and progression of the disease. The identification of treatment opportunities will require a precise understanding of the cells and mechanisms involved as well as a clear definition of their temporal and topographical nature. We will also discuss new therapeutic strategies for targeting neuroinflammation, which are now entering the clinic and showing promise for patients. UR - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41577-024-01104-7 VL - 25 A1 - Heneka, Michael T A1 - Van der Flier, Wiesje M A1 - Jessen, Frank A1 - Hoozemanns, Jeroen A1 - Thal, Dietmar Rudolf A1 - Boche, Delphine A1 - Brosseron, Frederic A1 - Teunissen, Charlotte A1 - Zetterberg, Henrik A1 - Jacobs, Andreas H A1 - Edison, Paul A1 - Ramirez, Alfredo A1 - Cruchaga, Carlos A1 - Lambert, Jean-Charles A1 - Laza, Agustin Ruiz A1 - Sanchez-Mut, Jose Vicente A1 - Fischer, Andre A1 - Castro-Gomez, Sergio A1 - Stein, Thor D A1 - Kleineidam, Luca A1 - Wagner, Michael A1 - Neher, Jonas J A1 - Cunningham, Colm A1 - Singhrao, Sim K A1 - Prinz, Marco A1 - Glass, Christopher K A1 - Schlachetzki, Johannes CM A1 - Butovsky, Oleg A1 - Kleemann, Kilian A1 - De Jaeger, Philip L A1 - Scheiblich, Hannah A1 - Brown, Guy C A1 - Landreth, Gary A1 - Moutinho, Miguel A1 - Grutzendler, Jaime A1 - Gomez-Nicola, Diego A1 - McManus, Róisín M A1 - Andreasson, Katrin A1 - Ising, Christina A1 - Karabag, Deniz A1 - Baker, Darren J A1 - Liddelow, Shane A A1 - Verkhratsky, Alexei A1 - Tansey, Malu A1 - Monsonego, Alon A1 - Aigner, Ludwig A1 - Dorothée, Guillaume A1 - Nave, Klaus-Armin A1 - Simons, Mikael A1 - Constantin, Gabriela A1 - Rosenzweig, Neta A1 - Pascual, Alberto A1 - Petzold, Gabor C A1 - Kipnis, Jonathan A1 - Venegas, Carmen A1 - Colonna, Marco A1 - Walter, Jochen A1 - Tenner, Andrea J A1 - O'Banion, M Kerry A1 - Steinert, Joern R A1 - Feinstein, Douglas L A1 - Sastre, Magdalena A1 - Bhaskar, Kiran A1 - Hong, Soyon A1 - Schafer, Dorothy P A1 - Golde, Todd A1 - Ransohoff, Richard M A1 - Morgan, David A1 - Breitner, John A1 - Mancuso, Renzo A1 - Riechers, Sean-Patrick ID - discovery10205096 PB - Nature Publishing Group N1 - This version is the author accepted manuscript. For information on re-use, please refer to the publisher?s terms and conditions. Y1 - 2025/05// TI - Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer disease JF - Nature Reviews Immunology AV - public KW - Neuroimmunology KW - Neurological disorders SP - 321 SN - 1474-1733 ER -