TY - INPR SN - 1073-449X KW - Alveolar Epithelium KW - Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia KW - Mechanical Compression KW - Nanoparticles KW - VEGF A1 - Loukogeorgakis, Stavros P A1 - Michielin, Federica A1 - Al-Juffali, Noura A1 - Jimenez, Julio A1 - Shibuya, Soichi A1 - Allen-Hyttinen, Jessica A1 - Eastwood, Mary Patrice A1 - Alhendi, Ahmed SN A1 - Davidson, Joseph A1 - Naldi, Eleonora A1 - Maghsoudlou, Panagiotis A1 - Tedeschi, Alfonso A1 - Khalaf, Sahira A1 - Platé, Manuela A1 - Fachin, Camila A1 - Dos Santos Dias, Andre A1 - Sindhwani, Nikhil A1 - Scaglioni, Dominic A1 - Xenakis, Theodoros A1 - Sebire, Neil A1 - Giomo, Monica A1 - Eaton, Simon A1 - Toelen, Jaan A1 - Luni, Camilla A1 - Pavan, Piero A1 - Carmeliet, Peter A1 - Russo, Francesca A1 - Janes, Samuel A1 - Nikolic, Marko Z A1 - Elvassore, Nicola A1 - Deprest, Jan A1 - De Coppi, Paolo AV - public ID - discovery10205062 JF - American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine N1 - This version is the author accepted manuscript. For information on re-use, please refer to the publisher?s terms and conditions. - For the purpose of open access, the author has applied a CC BY public copyright license to any author accepted manuscript version arising from this submission. TI - Prenatal VEGF Nano-Delivery Reverses Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia-associated Pulmonary Abnormalities PB - American Thoracic Society N2 - RATIONALE: Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) results in lung hypoplasia. In severe cases, tracheal occlusion (TO) can be offered to promote lung growth. However the benefit is limited, and novel treatments are required to supplement TO. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is downregulated in animal models of CDH and could be a therapeutic target, but its role in human CDH is not known. OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether VEGF supplementation could be a suitable treatment for CDH-associated lung pathology. METHODS: Fetal lungs from CDH patients were used to determine pulmonary morphology and VEGF expression. A novel human ex vivo model of fetal lung compression recapitulating CDH features was developed and used to determine the effect of exogenous VEGF supplementation. A nanoparticle-based approach for intra-pulmonary delivery of VEGF was developed by conjugating it on functionalized nanodiamonds (ND-VEGF) and was tested in experimental CDH in vivo. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: VEGF expression was downregulated in distal pulmonary epithelium of human CDH fetuses in conjunction with attenuated cell proliferation. The compression model resulted in impaired branching morphogenesis similar to CDH and downregulation of VEGF expression in conjunction with reduced proliferation of terminal bud epithelial progenitors; these could be reversed by exogenous supplementation of VEGF. Prenatal delivery of VEGF with the ND-VEGF platform in CDH fetal rats resulted in lung growth and pulmonary arterial remodelling that was complementary to that achieved by TO alone with appearances comparable to healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS: This innovative approach could have a significant impact on the treatment of CDH. UR - https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.202401-0161oc Y1 - 2025/02/13/ ER -