@article{discovery10205022,
            year = {2025},
         journal = {Surfaces and Interfaces},
       publisher = {Elsevier BV},
            note = {This version is the author accepted manuscript. For information on re-use, please refer to the publisher's terms and conditions.},
           title = {Investigation of Cr3+ Doped CuGaO2 as an Inorganic Hole Transport Material (HTM) For Perovskite Solar Cells},
           month = {February},
             url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfin.2025.106036},
        abstract = {Perovskite Solar Cells (PSCs) are becoming feasible for developing effective energy harvesting devices. The biggest obstacles to their commercialization are the high price and lack of environmental sustainability of the organic hole transporting materials (HTMs). CuGaO2 provides high coordination, stability, and low-temperature processing for effective and reliable PSCs. Here, a variety of solid solutions of CuGaO2 and CuCrO2 were created by a hydrothermal process to obtain the ideal composition that results in reliable size control and high hole conductivity employed for surface passivation at the perovskite contact. The composition ranges of CuGaO2 doped with Cr3+ were CuGa1-xCrxO2 (0 {$\leq$} x {$\leq$} 1, CuGaO2). XRD patterns were obtained for the particles of various compositions, these (006), (012), (104) and (024) having 2{\ensuremath{\theta}} values 33.23o, 36.48o, 43.43o, and 50.43o peaks were identified without the appearance of any impurity peaks. SEM micrographs of Cr3+ doped Copper Gallium Oxide depict a quasi-spherical structure and a quasi-hexagonal plate-like shape. The optical properties of nanoparticles were studied using UV-visible spectroscopy that showed the bandgap of CuGaO2 was decreased from 3.32 eV to 3.05 eV. The chemical properties of nanoparticles were studied by using FTIR indicating the presence of metal oxide groups of bending and stretching vibrations. From J-V curves of the prepared perovskite solar cell devices, the device with 30\% of Cr doped CuGaO2 achieves a PCE of 16.9\%, much higher than the reference samples without Cr doping.},
        keywords = {Perovskite solar cell, Cr3+ doped CuGaO2, Inorganic Hole Transport Material, Power Conversion Efficiency},
          author = {Zulfiqar, Kinza and Chaudhary, Mehmoona and Ali, Jazib and Wang, Mingqing and Anwar, Hafeez and Fawy, Khaled Fahmi and Rasheed, Tahir}
}