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<https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10204785> <http://purl.org/dc/terms/title> "Superdomains in ferroelectric thin films"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> .
<https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10204785> <http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/abstract> "Below a critical temperature, Tc, ferroelectric materials develop a spontaneous electric\r\npolarization, which can be switched by an external electric field. Most ferroelectrics are\r\nalso ferroelastic, so that below Tc a spontaneous strain also appears. The resulting longrange\r\nelastic and electric fields are minimized by the formation of domains, regions\r\nof material with uniform order parameter (polarisation or strain) that changes sign or\r\ndirection across a domain wall.\r\nWhen ferroelectrics are grown as epitaxial thin films, the mechanical clamping to the\r\nsubstrate induces a biaxial stress in the film, which favours the formation of complex,\r\ndense nanodomain structures. Peculiar functional properties of technological interest\r\nemerge depending on the exact domain arrangement and crystallography, which can\r\nbe controlled by appropriate processing parameters.\r\nIn some cases this leads to a hierarchical arrangement of periodic polytwin structures\r\ninto bundles, or “superdomain”. Different superdomains contain twins of different\r\ncrystallographic orientations and sizes. Compared to the more commonly observed\r\n“cellular polytwin” case, the presence of such hierarchical bundles is seen to\r\nenhance the response of the overall domain structure to external stimuli. Deterministic\r\nre-configuration of domain arrangements under applied fields is crucial for the\r\nexploitation of novel functionalities found at domain walls in potential future nanoelectronic\r\ndevices, making these systems excellent candidates for the task. Most studies\r\nto date have however focussed on certain consequences of the presence of hierarchical\r\ndomain arrangements, without dwelling on the unconventional crystallography of\r\nsuch structures or the exact nature of its response to applied field or temperature.\r\nIn this thesis, the structure of a prototypical superdomain ferroelectric thin film is investigated\r\nusing a combination of laboratory and synchrotron diffraction and piezoresponse\r\nforce microscopy (PFM) in device-like conditions, and the peculiar crystallography\r\nof superdomains is elucidated both in the as-grown case, as well as following\r\nexternal excitations (electric field and temperature). Chapter 1 gives a general overview of the fundamental properties of ferroic materials\r\nand domains, while Chapter 2 focusses specifically on perovskite ferroelectric oxide\r\nthin films, introducing the mechanisms that lead to the formation of dense polytwin\r\nstructures and superdomains in these systems. Chapter 3 describes the experimental\r\nand data analysis techniques used in this work, providing the tools to correctly interpret\r\nthe complicated features of the diffraction patterns and PFM images shown\r\nin this thesis. The complex crystallography of superdomains is investigated in detail\r\nin Chapter 4; their stability is subsequently assessed in Chapter 5, which discusses\r\nthe results of a temperature-dependent study. Finally, Chapter 6 demonstrates that reversible\r\nand non-volatile ferroelastic superdomain switching occurs in different ways\r\ndepending on the boundary conditions imposed to the system."^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> .
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