eprintid: 10204666 rev_number: 7 eprint_status: archive userid: 699 dir: disk0/10/20/46/66 datestamp: 2025-02-13 12:53:45 lastmod: 2025-02-13 12:53:45 status_changed: 2025-02-13 12:53:45 type: article metadata_visibility: show sword_depositor: 699 creators_name: Cenci, Simone creators_name: Biffis, Enrico title: Lack of harmonisation of greenhouse gases reporting standards and the methane emissions gap ispublished: pub divisions: UCL divisions: B04 divisions: C04 divisions: F34 keywords: Climate-change policy, Energy and society, Environmental impact note: © 2025 Springer Nature Limited. his article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). abstract: Monitoring companies’ contributions to climate dynamics and their exposure to transition risks requires accurate measurements of their non-carbon dioxide greenhouse gas emissions (non-CO2 GHG). However, carbon accounting standards are not harmonised and allow for some discretion when converting emissions of different GHGs into CO2 equivalent units, the currency in which carbon footprints are expressed. Focusing on methane, we build counterfactual harmonised standards using the latest IPCC Global Warming Potential (GWP) values over 100 years and estimate a cumulative gap in reported methane emissions of 170MtCO2e ( ~6Tg) over a sample of 2864 companies. Changing the counterfactual from GWP100to GWP20, as recently codified in certain jurisdictions and initiatives, increases the cumulative gap to 3300MtCO2e ( ~40Tg). The gap only covers direct emissions and hence understates the extent of potential under-reporting across value chains. Overall, our study underscores the importance of global harmonisation of CO2-equivalence standards to coherently track corporate GHG emissions and their exposure to transition risks. date: 2025-02-11 date_type: published publisher: Nature Portfolio official_url: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-56845-3 oa_status: green full_text_type: pub language: eng primo: open primo_central: open_green verified: verified_manual elements_id: 2360087 doi: 10.1038/s41467-025-56845-3 lyricists_name: Cenci, Simone lyricists_id: SCENC80 actors_name: Cenci, Simone actors_id: SCENC80 actors_role: owner full_text_status: public publication: Nature Communications volume: 16 article_number: 1537 citation: Cenci, Simone; Biffis, Enrico; (2025) Lack of harmonisation of greenhouse gases reporting standards and the methane emissions gap. Nature Communications , 16 , Article 1537. 10.1038/s41467-025-56845-3 <https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-56845-3>. Green open access document_url: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10204666/1/CenciBiffis_2025.pdf