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<https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10199855> <http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/abstract> "This paper proves normalisation theorems for intuitionist and classical negative free logic, without and with the  operator for definite descriptions. Rules specific to free logic give rise to new kinds of maximal formulas additional to those familiar from standard intuitionist and classical logic. When  is added it must be ensured that reduction procedures involving replacements of parameters by terms do not introduce new maximal formulas of higher degree than the ones removed. The problem is solved by a rule that permits restricting these terms in the rules for  ∀\r\n ,  ∃\r\n  and  to parameters or constants. A restricted subformula property for deductions in systems without  is considered. It is improved upon by an alternative formalisation of free logic building on an idea of Jaśkowski’s. In the classical system the rules for  require treatment known from normalisation for classical logic with  ∨\r\n  or  ∃\r\n . The philosophical significance of the results is also indicated."^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> .
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