<> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment> "The repository administrator has not yet configured an RDF license."^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> . <> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/primaryTopic> <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10198452> . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10198452> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/Article> . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10198452> <http://purl.org/dc/terms/title> "An Approach to The Estimation of Digital Twins Technological Components"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10198452> <http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/abstract> "The Digital Twin (DT) concept in the Architecture Engineering Construction and Operation sector is gaining momentum. However, for broader implementation within the sector, there is a need for a standardised method for estimating the cost of DTs. This paper proposes an extension of the UK New Rules of Measurement 2 (NRM2) for estimating the technological components of DT systems based on the desired capabilities. The DT capabilities are identified through the analysis of the theoretical framework, which, combined with the analysis of current industry standards, enables the development of the NRM2 extension, validated through a set of semi-structured interviews."^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10198452> <http://purl.org/dc/terms/date> "2024-07-17" . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/document/1786259> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/Document> . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10198452> <http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/volume> "5" . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/org/ext-08a6c60359f96b3633fec8edd9fbcf05> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Organization> . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/org/ext-08a6c60359f96b3633fec8edd9fbcf05> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "EC3: European Council for Computing in 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<http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#_4> <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/person/ext-3a92eaec0bd650aee4b6e5106ffccc8d> . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10198452> <http://www.loc.gov/loc.terms/relators/EDT> <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/person/ext-9e6974fb8a6e6dc2e0a2f2f8d42e03a2> . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10198452> <http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/editorList> <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10198452#editors> . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10198452#editors> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#_1> <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/person/ext-9e6974fb8a6e6dc2e0a2f2f8d42e03a2> . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10198452> <http://www.loc.gov/loc.terms/relators/EDT> <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/person/ext-8575d34058661f92f55accd962fde8f6> . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10198452> <http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/editorList> <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10198452#editors> . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10198452#editors> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#_2> <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/person/ext-8575d34058661f92f55accd962fde8f6> . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10198452> <http://www.loc.gov/loc.terms/relators/EDT> <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/person/ext-ce1fe3529f2819c4853d48cd3db64585> . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10198452> <http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/editorList> <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10198452#editors> . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10198452#editors> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#_3> <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/person/ext-ce1fe3529f2819c4853d48cd3db64585> . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10198452> <http://www.loc.gov/loc.terms/relators/EDT> <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/person/ext-c92cc1ddf180d909798fdf4ec2d514b3> . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10198452> <http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/editorList> <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10198452#editors> . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10198452#editors> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#_4> <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/person/ext-c92cc1ddf180d909798fdf4ec2d514b3> . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/person/ext-3a92eaec0bd650aee4b6e5106ffccc8d> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person> . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/person/ext-3a92eaec0bd650aee4b6e5106ffccc8d> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/givenName> "Weiwei"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/person/ext-3a92eaec0bd650aee4b6e5106ffccc8d> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/familyName> "Chen"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/person/ext-3a92eaec0bd650aee4b6e5106ffccc8d> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Weiwei Chen"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/person/ext-8575d34058661f92f55accd962fde8f6> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person> . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/person/ext-8575d34058661f92f55accd962fde8f6> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/givenName> "Mohamad"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/person/ext-8575d34058661f92f55accd962fde8f6> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/familyName> "Kassem"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/person/ext-8575d34058661f92f55accd962fde8f6> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Mohamad Kassem"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/person/ext-f4117fe8adb45b144ede486cf637bd36> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person> . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/person/ext-f4117fe8adb45b144ede486cf637bd36> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/givenName> "Nicola"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/person/ext-f4117fe8adb45b144ede486cf637bd36> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/familyName> "Moretti"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/person/ext-f4117fe8adb45b144ede486cf637bd36> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nicola Moretti"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/person/ext-25b2cbfe2a2d6f7157e05b280be3879e> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person> . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/person/ext-25b2cbfe2a2d6f7157e05b280be3879e> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/givenName> "Karim"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/person/ext-25b2cbfe2a2d6f7157e05b280be3879e> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/familyName> "Farghaly"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/person/ext-25b2cbfe2a2d6f7157e05b280be3879e> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Karim Farghaly"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/person/ext-ab2a33310892215e72de03c3cceeb6fe> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person> . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/person/ext-ab2a33310892215e72de03c3cceeb6fe> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/givenName> "Giovanni"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/person/ext-ab2a33310892215e72de03c3cceeb6fe> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/familyName> "Bortolin"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/person/ext-ab2a33310892215e72de03c3cceeb6fe> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Giovanni Bortolin"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/person/ext-9e6974fb8a6e6dc2e0a2f2f8d42e03a2> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person> . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/person/ext-9e6974fb8a6e6dc2e0a2f2f8d42e03a2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/givenName> "Marijana"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/person/ext-9e6974fb8a6e6dc2e0a2f2f8d42e03a2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/familyName> "Srećković"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/person/ext-9e6974fb8a6e6dc2e0a2f2f8d42e03a2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Marijana Srećković"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/person/ext-c92cc1ddf180d909798fdf4ec2d514b3> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person> . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/person/ext-c92cc1ddf180d909798fdf4ec2d514b3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/givenName> "Athanasios"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/person/ext-c92cc1ddf180d909798fdf4ec2d514b3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/familyName> "Chassiakos"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/person/ext-c92cc1ddf180d909798fdf4ec2d514b3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Athanasios Chassiakos"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/person/ext-ce1fe3529f2819c4853d48cd3db64585> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person> . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/person/ext-ce1fe3529f2819c4853d48cd3db64585> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/givenName> "Ranjith"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/person/ext-ce1fe3529f2819c4853d48cd3db64585> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/familyName> "Soman"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/person/ext-ce1fe3529f2819c4853d48cd3db64585> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Ranjith Soman"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> . <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10198452> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/Article> . 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