TY - JOUR TI - Emerging signals of climate change from the equator to the poles: new insights into a warming world SN - 2813-6330 Y1 - 2024/10/01/ AV - public N2 - The reality of human-induced climate change is unequivocal and exerts an ever-increasing global impact. Access to the latest scientific information on current climate change and projection of future trends is important for planning adaptation measures and for informing international efforts to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs). Identification of hazards and risks may be used to assess vulnerability, determine limits to adaptation, and enhance resilience to climate change. This article highlights how recent research programs are continuing to elucidate current processes and advance projections across major climate systems and identifies remaining knowledge gaps. Key findings include projected future increases in monsoon rainfall, resulting from a changing balance between the rainfall-reducing effect of aerosols and rainfall-increasing GHGs; a strengthening of the storm track in the North Atlantic; an increase in the fraction of precipitation that falls as rain at both poles; an increase in the frequency and severity of El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events, along with changes in ENSO teleconnections to North America and Europe; and an increase in the frequency of hazardous hot-humid extremes. These changes have the potential to increase risks to both human and natural systems. Nevertheless, these risks may be reduced via urgent, science-led adaptation and resilience measures and by reductions in GHGs. UR - https://doi.org/10.3389/fsci.2024.1340323 ID - discovery10198209 N1 - © 2024 Collins, Beverley, Bracegirdle, Catto, McCrystall, Dittus, Freychet, Grist, Hegerl, Holland, Holmes, Josey, Joshi, Hawkins, Lo, Lord, Mitchell, Monerie, Priestley, Scaife, Screen, Senior, Sexton, Shuckburgh, Siegert, Simpson, Stephenson, Sutton, Thompson, Wilcox and Woollings. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. VL - 2 KW - climate change KW - climate adaptation KW - greenhouse gas emissions KW - monsoon KW - ENSO KW - storms KW - climate extremes KW - Shared Socioeconomic Pathways A1 - Collins, Matthew A1 - Beverley, Jonathan D A1 - Bracegirdle, Thomas J A1 - Catto, Jennifer A1 - McCrystall, Michelle A1 - Dittus, Andrea A1 - Freychet, Nicolas A1 - Grist, Jeremy A1 - Hegerl, Gabriele C A1 - Holland, Paul R A1 - Holmes, Caroline A1 - Josey, Simon A A1 - Joshi, Manoj A1 - Hawkins, Ed A1 - Lo, Eunice A1 - Lord, Natalie A1 - Mitchell, Dann A1 - Monerie, Paul-Arthur A1 - Priestley, Matthew DK A1 - Scaife, Adam A1 - Screen, James A1 - Senior, Natasha A1 - Sexton, David A1 - Shuckburgh, Emily A1 - Siegert, Stefan A1 - Simpson, Charles A1 - Stephenson, David B A1 - Sutton, Rowan A1 - Thompson, Vikki A1 - Wilcox, Laura J A1 - Woollings, Tim PB - Frontiers Media SA JF - Frontiers in Science ER -