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<https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10197711> <http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/abstract> "This study considers the relationship between railway capacity and signalling\r\nsystems. To increase railway capacity, signalling has been increased from two\r\nto four aspects, which can accommodate a maximum of 35 trains per hour.\r\nAlthough aspect signalling relies on fixed block control, the introduction of\r\na moving block signalling system could achieve a capacity of 44 trains per\r\nhour. Achieving this would involve the introduction of telematic signalling\r\nsystems (ERTMS and CBTC), which depend on the continuous and accurate\r\nmeasurement of the train location and speed. The current stopping accuracy\r\nrequired for a train is ± 1m on Britain’s mainline railway and ± 0.5m for London\r\nUnderground. This is attributed mostly to the sensor fusion framework\r\nthat is currently in place to obtain accurate train location and speed. In this\r\nthesis, a framework is developed based on the Kalman filter. This research\r\nshows that a linear Kalman filter fusing data from railway sensors such as\r\nDoppler radar, tachometers and wayside balise can provide good estimates of\r\ntrain location and speed. However, an unscented Kalman filter is capable of\r\nachieving more than four times better accuracy. The performance of these\r\nfilters is investigated in the presence of wheel slip and slide, and instances of\r\nmissing balise, leading to reduced capacity. In order to counter this, two adaptive\r\nsensor fusion frameworks are developed based on Magill’s filter bank and\r\ninnovation tracking. Both are applied to linear and unscented Kalman filters\r\nwhich shows improved state estimation and stopping accuracy, hence capacity.\r\nAnalysis shows that balise placement on the approach to the stopping point is\r\nimportant. Numerical results show that interception of a single balise reduces\r\nthe location error well within the required range. Therefore, a maximum of\r\ntwo balises will serve the purpose with one as a backup."^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> .
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