@article{discovery10197670,
           pages = {1181--1193},
            note = {Crown Copyright {\copyright} 2024 Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)},
           title = {The influence of amphiphilic quaternary ammonium palmitoyl glycol chitosan (GCPQ) polymer composition on oil-loaded nanocapsule architecture},
          volume = {678},
         journal = {Journal of Colloid and Interface Science},
       publisher = {Elsevier BV},
           month = {January},
          number = {Pt B},
            year = {2025},
          author = {Xavier-J{\'u}nior, FH and Lopes, RMJ and Mellor, RD and Uchegbu, IF and Sch{\"a}tzlein, AG},
            issn = {0021-9797},
             url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2024.08.250},
        keywords = {Colloidal interface, GCPQ, Nanocapsules, Nanostructure, Rational design},
        abstract = {Hypothesis: Predicting the exact nature of the self-assembly of amphiphilic molecules into supramolecular structures is of utmost importance for a variety of applications, but this is a challenge for nanotechnology. The amphiphilic drug delivery polymer-N-palmitoyl-N-monomethyl-N,N-dimethyl-N,N,N-trimethyl-6-O-glycolchitosan (GCPQ) self-assembles in aqueous media to form nanoparticles. Experiment: This work aimed to develop a systematic predictive mathematical model on the eventual nature of oil-loaded GCPQ-nanoparticles and to determine the main independent variables that affect their nanoarchitecture following self-assembly. GCPQ polymers were produced with varying degree of palmitoylation (DP, 5.7-23.8 mol\%), degree of quaternization (DQ, 7.2-22.7 mol\%), and molecular weight (MW, 11.2-44.2 kDa) and their critical hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (cHLB) optimized to produce oil-loaded nanocapsules. Findings: Non-linear mathematical models (Particle size (nm) = 466.05 ? 5.64DP ? 6.52DQ + 0.13DQ2 ? 0.03 MW2 ? 14.48cHLB + 0.48cHLB2) were derived to predict the nanoparticle sizes (R2 = 0.998, R2adj = 0.995). Smaller nanoparticle sizes (148-157 nm) were obtained at high DP, DQ, and cHLB values, in which DP was the main independent variable responsible for nanoparticle size. Single or multiple-oil cores with small particles stabilizing polymer shells could be observed depending on the oil volume. Nanoparticle architectures, especially the nature of the oil-core(s), were driven by the DP, DQ, cHLB, and oil concentration. Here, we have developed a predictive model that may be applied to understand the nanoarchitecture of oil-loaded GCPQ-nanoparticles.}
}