eprintid: 10195946 rev_number: 21 eprint_status: archive userid: 699 dir: disk0/10/19/59/46 datestamp: 2024-10-25 12:53:22 lastmod: 2024-10-25 12:53:22 status_changed: 2024-10-25 12:53:22 type: thesis metadata_visibility: show sword_depositor: 699 creators_name: Mofidi, Nadia title: Air entrainment structure in a turbulent diffusion flame under cross wind: a three-dimensional perspective ispublished: submitted divisions: UCL divisions: B04 divisions: F44 keywords: Wildfire, boundary layer flow, flame under cross wind note: Copyright © The Author 2024. Original content in this thesis is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) Licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). Any third-party copyright material present remains the property of its respective owner(s) and is licensed under its existing terms. Access may initially be restricted at the author’s request. abstract: Recent global wildfires highlight the significant impact of wind on flame geometry and fire spread, complicating firefighting efforts. Strong winds make controlling and extinguishing flames more challenging, enabling embers to spread and flames to leap natural barriers. Unpredictable fire behaviour due to sudden wind changes poses risks to wildland urban interface, communities and first responders. Understanding flame behaviour in windy conditions is crucial for effective firefighting and city evacuation planning. The study focuses on flames under cross winds, a classic problem researched for over seven decades. Existing literature lacks understanding of the air entrainment mechanism in crosswind flames. The interaction between wind, buoyancy, and turbulence remains a complex area requiring attention. This work aims to elucidate the balance between these forces and describe the 3D shape resulting from their interplay, using projective geometry and fluid dynamics. The research examines flame structure changes caused by wind at micro and macro scales, exploring the leading edge and the entire 3D structure. A scaling analysis identifies key variables, and a proposed pathway estimates air entrainment in crosswind flames by combining information from previous chapters. date: 2024-08-28 date_type: published full_text_type: other thesis_class: doctoral_embargoed thesis_award: Ph.D language: eng verified: verified_manual elements_id: 2306142 lyricists_name: Mofidi, Nadia lyricists_id: NMOFI60 actors_name: Mofidi, Nadia actors_id: NMOFI60 actors_role: owner full_text_status: restricted pagerange: 1-1 pages: 102 institution: UCL (University College London) department: Civil, Environmental & Geomatic Engineering thesis_type: Doctoral editors_name: Torero Cullen, Jose citation: Mofidi, Nadia; (2024) Air entrainment structure in a turbulent diffusion flame under cross wind: a three-dimensional perspective. Doctoral thesis (Ph.D), UCL (University College London). document_url: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10195946/1/Thesis_Mofidi_Nadia_submission_August2024_21114408.pdf document_url: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10195946/3/Movie_S1.mp4 document_url: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10195946/2/Movie_S2.mp4 document_url: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10195946/9/Movie_S3.mp4