eprintid: 10195296 rev_number: 10 eprint_status: archive userid: 699 dir: disk0/10/19/52/96 datestamp: 2024-08-01 13:22:42 lastmod: 2024-08-01 13:22:42 status_changed: 2024-08-01 13:22:42 type: article metadata_visibility: show sword_depositor: 699 creators_name: Chen, Peng creators_name: Wang, Wei creators_name: Qian, Chong creators_name: Cao, Mengqiu creators_name: Yang, Tianren title: Gravity-based models for evaluating urban park accessibility: Why does localized selection of attractiveness factors and travel modes matter? ispublished: pub divisions: UCL divisions: B04 divisions: C04 divisions: F34 keywords: ACCESS, Accessibility, AREAS, ASSOCIATION, CITIES, Environmental Sciences & Ecology, Environmental Studies, EQUITY, Geography, gravity model, GREEN SPACE, HEALTH, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, multimodal mode choice, planning support systems, Public Administration, Regional & Urban Planning, Science & Technology, Social Sciences, SPATIAL ACCESSIBILITY, TIME, TRANSIT ACCESSIBILITY, urban parks, Urban Studies note: This version is the author accepted manuscript. For information on re-use, please refer to the publisher’s terms and conditions. abstract: Gravity-based models have been extensively utilized in urban studies for measuring geographic disparities in access to urban parks over the past several decades. However, despite methodological advancements incorporating various aspects of accessibility, there has been limited focus on the impact of variable selection (e.g., attractiveness factors) and transport modes on accessibility evaluations. This study investigates the differences in gravity-based models for assessing park accessibility based on varying assumptions about attractiveness factors and travel impedance. Semi-structured interviews with local residents were conducted to identify the reasons for park visits in Shanghai. Our bivariate correlation analyses reveal that factors such as park openness and access to public transport were crucial, in addition to conventional factors identified in the literature (i.e., park size and driving accessibility). This insight led to the development of localized accessibility measurements that incorporate park inclusiveness (i.e., entrance fees and opening hours) and multimodal travel options (based on multinomial logistic mode choice models). The results indicate that the refined model produces lower and more varied accessibility levels, which can better capture accessibility gaps across different geographic contexts. This accurate and practical identification of accessibility gaps can assist local planners and decision-makers in formulating effective policies and strategies to promote equitable access to urban public parks. date: 2024-05 date_type: published publisher: Pion official_url: http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23998083231206168 oa_status: green full_text_type: other language: eng primo: open primo_central: open_green verified: verified_manual elements_id: 2291276 doi: 10.1177/23998083231206168 lyricists_name: Cao, Mengqiu lyricists_id: MCAOX03 actors_name: Cao, Mengqiu actors_id: MCAOX03 actors_role: owner funding_acknowledgements: [We would like to extend our sincere gratitude to Weipeng Deng, a PhD candidate at the University of Hong Kong, for his invaluable assistance in the development and preparation of the supporting materials. We also appreciate the constructive feedback provid] full_text_status: public publication: Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design volume: 51 number: 4 pagerange: 904-922 pages: 19 citation: Chen, Peng; Wang, Wei; Qian, Chong; Cao, Mengqiu; Yang, Tianren; (2024) Gravity-based models for evaluating urban park accessibility: Why does localized selection of attractiveness factors and travel modes matter? Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design , 51 (4) pp. 904-922. 10.1177/23998083231206168 <https://doi.org/10.1177/23998083231206168>. Green open access document_url: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10195296/1/FinalManuscript_July2024_UCLDiscovery_EPB.pdf