<> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment> "The repository administrator has not yet configured an RDF license."^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> .
<> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/primaryTopic> <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10194115> .
<https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10194115> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/AcademicArticle> .
<https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10194115> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/Article> .
<https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10194115> <http://purl.org/dc/terms/title> "Exploring criminal specialisation in co-offending groups"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> .
<https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10194115> <http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/abstract> "Researchers have studied criminal specialisation at the offenders’ level to understand criminal careers. Despite criminal careers comprising events in which offenders co-offend with others, we know less about the extent of co-offending groups showing signs of becoming specialists. To start addressing this gap, in this study we report a method through which we identified 1,796 co-offending groups in a network containing information about adult offenders (n = 76,697) connected to criminal investigations (m = 35,604) between 2010 and 2018. During this timeframe, one in five co-offending groups remained unchanged in their composition and re-offended. Of those re-offending, 54% became specialists in crimes such as those affecting private property. The other 46% that re-offended were generalists. Simulation analyses showed that the proportion of highly specialised groups was not observed by chance. These results suggest that criminal specialisation is a characteristic also shared by co-offending groups. Criminologists and practitioners might find helpful the method employed here to identify co-offending groups and assess their level of specialisation."^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> .
<https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10194115> <http://purl.org/dc/terms/date> "2024-07-01" .
<https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/document/1755266> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/Document> .
<https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/org/ext-82d97d3d46da72def3ef996d0ad0810c> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Organization> .
<https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/org/ext-82d97d3d46da72def3ef996d0ad0810c> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Informa UK Limited"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> .
<https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10194115> <http://purl.org/dc/terms/publisher> <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/org/ext-82d97d3d46da72def3ef996d0ad0810c> .
<https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/publication/ext-ee74420eae720bad7b358b1efa1f9adc> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/Collection> .
<https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/publication/ext-ee74420eae720bad7b358b1efa1f9adc> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Global Crime"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> .
<https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10194115> <http://purl.org/dc/terms/isPartOf> <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/publication/ext-ee74420eae720bad7b358b1efa1f9adc> .
<https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10194115> <http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/status> <http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/status/forthcoming> .
<https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10194115> <http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator> <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/person/ext-38de0b79a72f627c3beaca58c71a9afa> .
<https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10194115> <http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/authorList> <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10194115#authors> .
<https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10194115#authors> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#_1> <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/person/ext-38de0b79a72f627c3beaca58c71a9afa> .
<https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10194115> <http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator> <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/person/ext-4abc6a67af33a0f7d33cc2a079a9b842> .
<https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10194115> <http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/authorList> <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10194115#authors> .
<https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10194115#authors> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#_2> <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/person/ext-4abc6a67af33a0f7d33cc2a079a9b842> .
<https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10194115> <http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator> <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/person/ext-9bdb6be0eef969a2e544f4203cb5d27b> .
<https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10194115> <http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/authorList> <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10194115#authors> .
<https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10194115#authors> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#_3> <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/person/ext-9bdb6be0eef969a2e544f4203cb5d27b> .
<https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/person/ext-9bdb6be0eef969a2e544f4203cb5d27b> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person> .
<https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/person/ext-9bdb6be0eef969a2e544f4203cb5d27b> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/givenName> "Hervé"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> .
<https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/person/ext-9bdb6be0eef969a2e544f4203cb5d27b> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/familyName> "Borrion"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> .
<https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/person/ext-9bdb6be0eef969a2e544f4203cb5d27b> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Hervé Borrion"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> .
<https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/person/ext-38de0b79a72f627c3beaca58c71a9afa> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person> .
<https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/person/ext-38de0b79a72f627c3beaca58c71a9afa> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/givenName> "Alberto"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> .
<https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/person/ext-38de0b79a72f627c3beaca58c71a9afa> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/familyName> "Nieto"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> .
<https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/person/ext-38de0b79a72f627c3beaca58c71a9afa> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alberto Nieto"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> .
<https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/person/ext-4abc6a67af33a0f7d33cc2a079a9b842> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person> .
<https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/person/ext-4abc6a67af33a0f7d33cc2a079a9b842> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/givenName> "Toby"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> .
<https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/person/ext-4abc6a67af33a0f7d33cc2a079a9b842> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/familyName> "Davies"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> .
<https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/person/ext-4abc6a67af33a0f7d33cc2a079a9b842> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Toby Davies"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> .
<https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10194115> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://eprints.org/ontology/EPrint> .
<https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10194115> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://eprints.org/ontology/ArticleEPrint> .
<https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10194115> <http://purl.org/dc/terms/isPartOf> <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/repository> .
<https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10194115> <http://eprints.org/ontology/hasDocument> <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/document/1755266> .
<https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/document/1755266> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://eprints.org/ontology/Document> .
<https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/document/1755266> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label> "Exploring criminal specialisation in co-offending groups (Text)"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> .
<https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10194115> <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/hasVersion> <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/document/1755266> .
<https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10194115> <http://eprints.org/ontology/hasPublished> <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/document/1755266> .
<https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/document/1755266> <http://eprints.org/ontology/hasFile> <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10194115/1/Nieto%20et%20al.%20-%202024%20-%20Exploring%20criminal%20specialisation%20in%20co-offending%20.pdf> .
<https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/document/1755266> <http://purl.org/dc/terms/hasPart> <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10194115/1/Nieto%20et%20al.%20-%202024%20-%20Exploring%20criminal%20specialisation%20in%20co-offending%20.pdf> .
<https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10194115/1/Nieto%20et%20al.%20-%202024%20-%20Exploring%20criminal%20specialisation%20in%20co-offending%20.pdf> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label> "Nieto et al. - 2024 - Exploring criminal specialisation in co-offending .pdf"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> .
<https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10194115> <http://eprints.org/ontology/hasDocument> <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/document/1763607> .
<https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/document/1763607> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://eprints.org/ontology/Document> .
<https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/document/1763607> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label> "Exploring criminal specialisation in co-offending groups (Other)"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> .
<https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/document/1763607> <http://eprints.org/relation/isVersionOf> <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/document/1755266> .
<https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/document/1763607> <http://eprints.org/relation/isVolatileVersionOf> <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/document/1755266> .
<https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/document/1763607> <http://eprints.org/relation/isIndexCodesVersionOf> <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/document/1755266> .
<https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/document/1763607> <http://eprints.org/ontology/hasFile> <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10194115/2/indexcodes.txt> .
<https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/document/1763607> <http://purl.org/dc/terms/hasPart> <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10194115/2/indexcodes.txt> .
<https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10194115/2/indexcodes.txt> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label> "indexcodes.txt"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> .
<https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10194115> <http://eprints.org/ontology/hasDocument> <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/document/1763608> .
<https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/document/1763608> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://eprints.org/ontology/Document> .
<https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/document/1763608> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label> "Exploring criminal specialisation in co-offending groups (Other)"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> .
<https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/document/1763608> <http://eprints.org/relation/isVersionOf> <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/document/1755266> .
<https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/document/1763608> <http://eprints.org/relation/isVolatileVersionOf> <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/document/1755266> .
<https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/document/1763608> <http://eprints.org/relation/islightboxThumbnailVersionOf> <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/document/1755266> .
<https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/document/1763608> <http://eprints.org/ontology/hasFile> <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10194115/3/lightbox.jpg> .
<https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/document/1763608> <http://purl.org/dc/terms/hasPart> <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10194115/3/lightbox.jpg> .
<https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10194115/3/lightbox.jpg> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label> "lightbox.jpg"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> .
<https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10194115> <http://eprints.org/ontology/hasDocument> <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/document/1763609> .
<https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/document/1763609> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://eprints.org/ontology/Document> .
<https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/document/1763609> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label> "Exploring criminal specialisation in co-offending groups (Other)"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> .
<https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/document/1763609> <http://eprints.org/relation/isVersionOf> <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/document/1755266> .
<https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/document/1763609> <http://eprints.org/relation/isVolatileVersionOf> <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/document/1755266> .
<https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/document/1763609> <http://eprints.org/relation/ispreviewThumbnailVersionOf> <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/document/1755266> .
<https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/document/1763609> <http://eprints.org/ontology/hasFile> <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10194115/4/preview.jpg> .
<https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/document/1763609> <http://purl.org/dc/terms/hasPart> <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10194115/4/preview.jpg> .
<https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10194115/4/preview.jpg> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label> "preview.jpg"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> .
<https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10194115> <http://eprints.org/ontology/hasDocument> <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/document/1763610> .
<https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/document/1763610> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://eprints.org/ontology/Document> .
<https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/document/1763610> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label> "Exploring criminal specialisation in co-offending groups (Other)"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> .
<https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/document/1763610> <http://eprints.org/relation/isVersionOf> <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/document/1755266> .
<https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/document/1763610> <http://eprints.org/relation/isVolatileVersionOf> <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/document/1755266> .
<https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/document/1763610> <http://eprints.org/relation/ismediumThumbnailVersionOf> <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/document/1755266> .
<https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/document/1763610> <http://eprints.org/ontology/hasFile> <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10194115/5/medium.jpg> .
<https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/document/1763610> <http://purl.org/dc/terms/hasPart> <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10194115/5/medium.jpg> .
<https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10194115/5/medium.jpg> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label> "medium.jpg"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> .
<https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10194115> <http://eprints.org/ontology/hasDocument> <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/document/1763611> .
<https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/document/1763611> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://eprints.org/ontology/Document> .
<https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/document/1763611> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label> "Exploring criminal specialisation in co-offending groups (Other)"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> .
<https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/document/1763611> <http://eprints.org/relation/isVersionOf> <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/document/1755266> .
<https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/document/1763611> <http://eprints.org/relation/isVolatileVersionOf> <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/document/1755266> .
<https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/document/1763611> <http://eprints.org/relation/issmallThumbnailVersionOf> <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/document/1755266> .
<https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/document/1763611> <http://eprints.org/ontology/hasFile> <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10194115/6/small.jpg> .
<https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/document/1763611> <http://purl.org/dc/terms/hasPart> <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10194115/6/small.jpg> .
<https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10194115/6/small.jpg> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label> "small.jpg"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> .
<https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10194115> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#seeAlso> <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10194115/> .
<https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10194115/> <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/title> "HTML Summary of #10194115 \n\nExploring criminal specialisation in co-offending groups\n\n" .
<https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10194115/> <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/format> "text/html" .
<https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10194115/> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/primaryTopic> <https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10194115> .