eprintid: 10194054 rev_number: 10 eprint_status: archive userid: 699 dir: disk0/10/19/40/54 datestamp: 2024-07-02 06:09:00 lastmod: 2025-06-30 10:00:28 status_changed: 2024-07-02 06:09:00 type: article metadata_visibility: show sword_depositor: 699 creators_name: Galiounas, Elias creators_name: Iacoviello, Francesco creators_name: Mirza, Mateen creators_name: Rasha, Lara creators_name: Owen, Rhodri Ellis creators_name: Robinson, James B creators_name: Jervis, Rhodri title: Investigations into the Dynamic Acoustic Response of Lithium-Ion Batteries During Lifetime Testing ispublished: pub divisions: UCL divisions: B04 divisions: C05 divisions: F43 keywords: Lithium ion batteries, Acoustic testing, Ultrasonic testing, Degradation, Chemomechanics, Acoustic sensitivity analysis note: © The Author(s), 2024. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ abstract: Techniques using acoustic waves to interrogate batteries are increasingly investigated in the literature due to the appeal of three main properties: they are non-destructive, relatively low cost and have acquisition rates enabling operando testing. Popular demonstrations attempt to extract degradation markers from acoustic data, by continuous monitoring, and to attribute them to degradation modes. This is founded on the premise that the speed of sound depends on mechanical properties, such as the density and stiffness. Nevertheless, additional sensitivities of an acoustic time-of-flight analysis are often neglected, leading to incomplete experiments that can overstate the capabilities of the technique. In this work, such sensitivities are quantified and the use of pulse tests instead of CCCV protocols is recommended to elucidate the concurrent dynamic evolution of temperature, voltage and acoustic signals. A degradation experiment is performed, with pulse sequences incorporated in periodic reference performance tests. Dynamic parameters are extracted from each pulse; specifically, the dynamic rise of the time-of-flight (ΔToFrise) and temperature (ΔTemprise) signals. Their evolution with degradation is traced and a statistical comparison of the main effects is performed. It is concluded that markers of degradation in the dynamic acoustic response are very subtle, masked by the effects of temperature. date: 2024-07-12 date_type: published publisher: The Electrochemical Society official_url: https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ad5d21 oa_status: green full_text_type: pub language: eng primo: open primo_central: open_green verified: verified_manual elements_id: 2291306 doi: 10.1149/1945-7111/ad5d21 lyricists_name: Robinson, James lyricists_name: Jervis, John lyricists_name: Owen, Rhodri lyricists_id: ROBIN60 lyricists_id: JRJER29 lyricists_id: ROWEN61 actors_name: Robinson, James actors_id: ROBIN60 actors_role: owner full_text_status: public publication: Journal of The Electrochemical Society volume: 171 number: 7 article_number: 070514 issn: 0013-4651 citation: Galiounas, Elias; Iacoviello, Francesco; Mirza, Mateen; Rasha, Lara; Owen, Rhodri Ellis; Robinson, James B; Jervis, Rhodri; (2024) Investigations into the Dynamic Acoustic Response of Lithium-Ion Batteries During Lifetime Testing. Journal of The Electrochemical Society , 171 (7) , Article 070514. 10.1149/1945-7111/ad5d21 <https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111%2Fad5d21>. Green open access document_url: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10194054/1/Galiounas%2Bet%2Bal_2024_J._Electrochem._Soc._10.1149_1945-7111_ad5d21.pdf