eprintid: 10193869
rev_number: 7
eprint_status: archive
userid: 699
dir: disk0/10/19/38/69
datestamp: 2024-06-28 12:36:09
lastmod: 2024-06-28 12:36:09
status_changed: 2024-06-28 12:36:09
type: article
metadata_visibility: show
sword_depositor: 699
creators_name: Rikap, Cecilia
title: Varieties of corporate innovation systems and their interplay with global and national systems: Amazon, Facebook, Google and Microsoft’s strategies to produce and appropriate artificial intelligence
ispublished: inpress
divisions: UCL
divisions: B04
divisions: C04
divisions: DF7
keywords: Global innovation networks; Corporate Innovation Systems; weaponized networks; Big Tech;artificial intelligence; corporate-state diplomacy
note: © The Author(s) 2024. Original content in this paper is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) Licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
abstract: The widely accepted globalization of innovation entails two interrelated undertheo-rized aspects: (1) the capacity of certain firms to orchestrate transnational innovationsystems appropriating successful results, which some have explained with the con-cept of corporate innovation systems (CIS), and (2) the co-existence of such global-ization with those CIS and national innovation systems. I address these mattersanalysing US Big Tech artificial intelligence (AI) CIS showing that they combine mul-tiple mechanisms to co-produce and appropriate AI. I propose ‘frenemy’ to describeMicrosoft’s strategy because many Chinese organizations and even direct competitorsintegrate its CIS. ‘University’ symbolises Google’s strategy, given its focus on funda-mental AI, its central place in the AI research field and appropriation mechanismsthat are not translating into clear business advantages. ‘Secrecy’ defines Amazon’sstrategy, maximizing knowledge inflows while minimizing outflows. Facebook, withthe narrowest AI CIS, exhibits an ‘application-centred’ strategy. Ultimately, this papercontributes to understanding the multiple mechanisms used by leading corporationsfor controlling and shaping frontier transnational knowledge production and appro-priation. By doing so, it advances our knowledge of the interplay between differentinnovation spheres (national, global and corporate) and highlights the dangers ofCIS’s encroachment of national and global systems.
date: 2024-06-24
date_type: published
publisher: Informa UK Limited
official_url: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09692290.2024.2365757
oa_status: green
full_text_type: pub
language: eng
primo: open
primo_central: open_green
verified: verified_manual
elements_id: 2290522
doi: 10.1080/09692290.2024.2365757
lyricists_name: Rikap, Cecilia
lyricists_id: CRIKA02
actors_name: Rikap, Cecilia
actors_id: CRIKA02
actors_role: owner
full_text_status: public
publication: Review of International Political Economy
pagerange: 1-29
citation:        Rikap, Cecilia;      (2024)    Varieties of corporate innovation systems and their interplay with global and national systems: Amazon, Facebook, Google and Microsoft’s strategies to produce and appropriate artificial intelligence.                   Review of International Political Economy     pp. 1-29.    10.1080/09692290.2024.2365757 <https://doi.org/10.1080/09692290.2024.2365757>.    (In press).    Green open access   
 
document_url: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10193869/1/Rikap%20%282024%29%20Varieties%20of%20corporate%20innovation%20systems%20and%20their%20interplay%20with%20global%20and%20national%20systems%20%20Amazon%20%20Facebook%20%20Google%20and%20Microsoft%20s%20strategies%20to.pdf