eprintid: 10192471 rev_number: 7 eprint_status: archive userid: 699 dir: disk0/10/19/24/71 datestamp: 2024-05-17 10:04:17 lastmod: 2024-05-17 10:04:17 status_changed: 2024-05-17 10:04:17 type: article metadata_visibility: show sword_depositor: 699 creators_name: Duckett, Philippa creators_name: Facini, Gabriel creators_name: Jastrzebski, Marcin creators_name: Malik, Sarah creators_name: Scanlon, Tim creators_name: Rettie, Sebastien title: Reconstructing charged particle track segments with a quantum-enhanced support vector machine ispublished: pub divisions: UCL divisions: B04 divisions: C06 divisions: F60 keywords: Science & Technology, Physical Sciences, Astronomy & Astrophysics, Physics, Particles & Fields, Physics note: Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI. Funded by SCOAP3 . abstract: Reconstructing the trajectories of charged particles from the collection of hits they leave in the detectors of collider experiments like those at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is a challenging combinatorics problem and computationally intensive. The tenfold increase in the delivered luminosity at the upgraded High Luminosity LHC will result in a very densely populated detector environment. The time taken by conventional techniques for reconstructing particle tracks scales worse than quadratically with track density. Accurately and efficiently assigning the collection of hits left in the tracking detector to the correct particle will be a computational bottleneck and has motivated studying possible alternative approaches. This paper presents a quantum-enhanced machine learning algorithm that uses a support vector machine (SVM) with a quantum-estimated kernel to classify a set of three hits (triplets) as either belonging to or not belonging to the same particle track. The performance of the algorithm is then compared to a fully classical SVM. The quantum algorithm shows an improvement in accuracy versus the classical algorithm. Model complexity metrics are used to hint at an explanation for favorable performance of the quantum kernel. date: 2024-03-08 date_type: published publisher: AMER PHYSICAL SOC official_url: http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.109.052002 oa_status: green full_text_type: pub language: eng primo: open primo_central: open_green verified: verified_manual elements_id: 2260995 doi: 10.1103/PhysRevD.109.052002 lyricists_name: Rettie, Sebastien lyricists_name: Facini, Gabriel lyricists_id: SRETT26 lyricists_id: GFACI32 actors_name: Flynn, Bernadette actors_id: BFFLY94 actors_role: owner funding_acknowledgements: [Royal Society]; [Banting Postdoctoral Fellowship program]; [Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada]; [STFC] full_text_status: public publication: Physical Review D volume: 109 number: 5 article_number: 052002 pages: 11 issn: 2470-0010 citation: Duckett, Philippa; Facini, Gabriel; Jastrzebski, Marcin; Malik, Sarah; Scanlon, Tim; Rettie, Sebastien; (2024) Reconstructing charged particle track segments with a quantum-enhanced support vector machine. Physical Review D , 109 (5) , Article 052002. 10.1103/PhysRevD.109.052002 <https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.109.052002>. Green open access document_url: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10192471/1/PhysRevD.109.052002.pdf