@article{discovery10191815,
       publisher = {Elsevier BV},
          volume = {204},
            year = {2024},
           title = {European clinical practice guidelines for the definition, diagnosis, and treatment of oligometastatic esophagogastric cancer (OMEC-4)},
           month = {June},
         journal = {European Journal of Cancer},
            note = {{\copyright} 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).},
            issn = {0959-8049},
        keywords = {Esophageal cancer, Gastric cancer, Metastasectomy, Metastasis, Oligometastasis, Stereotactic body radiotherapy},
          author = {Kroese, Tiuri E and Bronzwaer, Sebastiaan and van Rossum, Peter SN and Schoppman, Sebastian F and Deseyne, Pieter RAJ and van Cutsem, Eric and Haustermans, Karin and Nafteux, Philippe and Thomas, Melissa and Obermannova, Radka and Mortensen, Hanna R and Nordsmark, Marianne and Pfeiffer, Per and Elme, Anneli and Adenis, Antoine and Piessen, Guillaume and Bruns, Christiane J and Lordick, Florian and Gockel, Ines and Moehler, Markus and Gani, Cihan and Liakakos, Theodore and Reynolds, John V and Morganti, Alessio G and Rosati, Riccardo and Castoro, Carlo and Cellini, Francesco and D'Ugo, Domenico and Roviello, Franco and Bencivenga, Maria and de Manzoni, Giovanni and van Berge Henegouwen, Mark I and Hulshoff, Maarten CCM and van Dieren, Jolanda and Vollebergh, Marieke and van Sandick, Johanna W and Jeene, Paul and Muijs, Christel and Slingerland, Marije and Voncken, Francine EM and Hartgrink, Henk and Creemers, Geert-Jan and van der Sangen, Maurice JC and Nieuwenhuijzen, Grard AP and Berbee, Maaike and Verheij, Marcel and Wijnhoven, Bas and Beerepoot, Laurens V and Mohammad, Nadia Haj and Mook, Stella and Ruurda, Jelle P and Kolodziejczyk, Piotr and Polkowski, Wojciech P and Wyrwicz, Lucjan and Alsina, Maria and Tabernero, Josep and Pera, Manuel and Kanonnikoff, Tania F and Cervantes, Andr{\'e}s and Nilsson, Magnus and Monig, Stefan and Wagner, Anna D and Guckenberger, Matthias and Griffiths, Ewen A and Smyth, Elizabeth and Hanna, George B and Markar, Sheraz and Chaudry, M Asif and Hawkins, Maria A and Cheong, Edward and van Laarhoven, Hanneke WM and van Hillegersberg, Richard and OMEC collaborators, {}},
             url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejca.2024.114062},
        abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The OligoMetastatic Esophagogastric Cancer (OMEC) project aims to provide clinical practice guidelines for the definition, diagnosis, and treatment of esophagogastric oligometastatic disease (OMD). METHODS: Guidelines were developed according to AGREE II and GRADE principles. Guidelines were based on a systematic review (OMEC-1), clinical case discussions (OMEC-2), and a Delphi consensus study (OMEC-3) by 49 European expert centers for esophagogastric cancer. OMEC identified patients for whom the term OMD is considered or could be considered. Disease-free interval (DFI) was defined as the time between primary tumor treatment and detection of OMD. RESULTS: Moderate to high quality of evidence was found (i.e. 1 randomized and 4 non-randomized phase II trials) resulting in moderate recommendations. OMD is considered in esophagogastric cancer patients with 1 organ with {$\leq$}�3 metastases or 1 involved extra-regional lymph node station. In addition, OMD continues to be considered in patients with OMD without progression in number of metastases after systemic therapy. 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging is recommended for baseline staging and for restaging after systemic therapy when local treatment is considered. For patients with synchronous OMD or metachronous OMD and a DFI {$\leq$}�2 years, recommended treatment consists of systemic therapy followed by restaging to assess suitability for local treatment. For patients with metachronous OMD and DFI {\ensuremath{>}}�2 years, upfront local treatment is additionally recommended. DISCUSSION: These multidisciplinary European clinical practice guidelines for the uniform definition, diagnosis and treatment of esophagogastric OMD can be used to standardize inclusion criteria in future clinical trials and to reduce variation in treatment.}
}