eprintid: 10191390 rev_number: 6 eprint_status: archive userid: 699 dir: disk0/10/19/13/90 datestamp: 2024-04-29 07:51:37 lastmod: 2024-04-29 07:51:37 status_changed: 2024-04-29 07:51:37 type: article metadata_visibility: show sword_depositor: 699 creators_name: Piana, Olmo creators_name: Pu, Hung-Yi creators_name: Wu, Kinwah title: Super-Eddington accretion in high-redshift black holes and the emergence of jetted AGN ispublished: pub divisions: UCL divisions: B04 divisions: C06 divisions: F63 keywords: galaxies: active, galaxies: evolution, galaxies: jets, quasars: supermassive black holes, early Universe note: © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Astronomical Society. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. abstract: In this work we study the co-evolution of central black holes (BHs) and host galaxies by utilizing an advanced iteration of the DELPHI semi-analytical model of galaxy formation and evolution. Based on dark matter halo merger trees spanning the redshift range from z = 20 to z = 4, it now incorporates essential components such as gas heating and cooling, cold and hot BH accretion, jet and radiative AGN feedback. We show how different BH growth models impact quasar and galaxy observables at z ≥ 5, providing predictions that will help discriminate between super-Eddington and Eddington-limited accretion models: despite being both consistent with observed properties of SMBHs and their host galaxies at z ∼ 5 − 7, they become very clearly distinguishable at higher redshift and in the intermediate mass regime. We find that the super-Eddington model, unlike the Eddington-limited scenario, predicts a gap in the BH mass function corresponding to the intermediate-mass range 104 M⊙ &lt; Mbh &lt; 106 M⊙. Additionally, it predicts black holes up to two orders of magnitude more massive for the same stellar mass at z = 9. The resulting velocity dispersion – BH mass relation at z ≥ 5 is consistent with local measurements, suggesting that its slope and normalisation are independent of redshift. Depending on the Eddington ratio, we also model the emergence of AGN jets, predicting their duty cycle across as a function of BH mass and their potential impact on the observed number density distribution of high-redshift AGN in the hard X-ray band. date: 2024-05 date_type: published publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP) official_url: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae851 oa_status: green full_text_type: pub language: eng primo: open primo_central: open_green verified: verified_manual elements_id: 2263749 doi: 10.1093/mnras/stae851 lyricists_name: Wu, Kinwah lyricists_id: KWUXX50 actors_name: Flynn, Bernadette actors_id: BFFLY94 actors_role: owner full_text_status: public publication: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society volume: 530 number: 2 pagerange: 1732-1748 issn: 0035-8711 citation: Piana, Olmo; Pu, Hung-Yi; Wu, Kinwah; (2024) Super-Eddington accretion in high-redshift black holes and the emergence of jetted AGN. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society , 530 (2) pp. 1732-1748. 10.1093/mnras/stae851 <https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras%2Fstae851>. Green open access document_url: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10191390/1/stae851.pdf