eprintid: 10190843 rev_number: 6 eprint_status: archive userid: 699 dir: disk0/10/19/08/43 datestamp: 2024-04-17 10:29:24 lastmod: 2024-04-17 10:29:24 status_changed: 2024-04-17 10:29:24 type: article metadata_visibility: show sword_depositor: 699 creators_name: Li, Kaye Jiale creators_name: Wu, Kinwah creators_name: Younsi, Ziri creators_name: Teixeira, Joana creators_name: Singh, Dinesh title: Generic gravito-magnetic clock effects ispublished: pub divisions: UCL divisions: B04 divisions: C06 divisions: F63 keywords: black hole physics, gravitation, relativistic processes, celestial mechanics, time, pulsars: general note: © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Astronomical Society. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. abstract: General relativity predicts that two counter-orbiting clocks around a spinning mass differ in the time required to complete the same orbit. The difference in these two values for the orbital period is generally referred to as the gravito-magnetic (GM) clock effect. It has been proposed to measure the GM clock effect using atomic clocks carried by satellites in prograde and retrograde orbits around the Earth. The precision and stability required for satellites to accurately perform this measurement remains a challenge for current instrumentation. One of the most accurate clocks in the Universe is a millisecond pulsar, which emits periodic radio pulses with high stability. Timing of the pulsed signals from millisecond pulsars has proven to be very successful in testing predictions of general relativity and the GM clock effect is potentially measurable in binary systems. In this work, we derive the generic GM clock effect by considering a slowly spinning binary system on an elliptical orbit, with both arbitrary mass ratio and arbitrary spin orientations. The spin–orbit interaction introduces a perturbation to the orbit, causing the orbital plane to precess and nutate. We identify several different contributions to the clock effects: the choice of spin supplementary condition and the observer-dependent definition of a full revolution and ‘nearly identical’ orbits. We discuss the impact of these subtle definitions on the formula for GM clock effects and show that most of the existing formulae in the literature can be recovered under appropriate assumptions. date: 2024-05 date_type: published publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP) official_url: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae883 oa_status: green full_text_type: pub language: eng primo: open primo_central: open_green verified: verified_manual elements_id: 2268129 doi: 10.1093/mnras/stae883 lyricists_name: Wu, Kinwah lyricists_id: KWUXX50 actors_name: Kalinowski, Damian actors_id: DKALI47 actors_role: owner full_text_status: public publication: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society volume: 530 number: 1 pagerange: 1118-1128 issn: 0035-8711 citation: Li, Kaye Jiale; Wu, Kinwah; Younsi, Ziri; Teixeira, Joana; Singh, Dinesh; (2024) Generic gravito-magnetic clock effects. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society , 530 (1) pp. 1118-1128. 10.1093/mnras/stae883 <https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras%2Fstae883>. Green open access document_url: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10190843/1/Wu_Generic%20gravito-magnetic%20clock%20effects_VoR.pdf