eprintid: 10189315 rev_number: 6 eprint_status: archive userid: 699 dir: disk0/10/18/93/15 datestamp: 2024-03-19 08:40:48 lastmod: 2024-03-19 08:40:48 status_changed: 2024-03-19 08:40:48 type: article metadata_visibility: show sword_depositor: 699 creators_name: Gayo, Iani JMB creators_name: Saeed, Shaheer U creators_name: Bonmati, Ester creators_name: Barratt, Dean C creators_name: Clarkson, Matthew J creators_name: Hu, Yipeng title: The distinct roles of reinforcement learning between pre-procedure and intra-procedure planning for prostate biopsy ispublished: inpress divisions: UCL divisions: B04 divisions: C05 divisions: F42 keywords: Biopsy, Planning, Prostate cancer, Reinforcement learning note: © The Author(s), 2024. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ abstract: Purpose: Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging targeted prostate cancer (PCa) biopsy enables precise sampling of MR-detected lesions, establishing its importance in recommended clinical practice. Planning for the ultrasound-guided procedure involves pre-selecting needle sampling positions. However, performing this procedure is subject to a number of factors, including MR-to-ultrasound registration, intra-procedure patient movement and soft tissue motions. When a fixed pre-procedure planning is carried out without intra-procedure adaptation, these factors will lead to sampling errors which could cause false positives and false negatives. Reinforcement learning (RL) has been proposed for procedure plannings on similar applications such as this one, because intelligent agents can be trained for both pre-procedure and intra-procedure planning. However, it is not clear if RL is beneficial when it comes to addressing these intra-procedure errors.// Methods: In this work, we develop and compare imitation learning (IL), supervised by demonstrations of predefined sampling strategy, and RL approaches, under varying degrees of intra-procedure motion and registration error, to represent sources of targeting errors likely to occur in an intra-operative procedure.// Results: Based on results using imaging data from 567 PCa patients, we demonstrate the efficacy and value in adopting RL algorithms to provide intelligent intra-procedure action suggestions, compared to IL-based planning supervised by commonly adopted policies.// Conclusions: The improvement in biopsy sampling performance for intra-procedure planning has not been observed in experiments with only pre-procedure planning. These findings suggest a strong role for RL in future prospective studies which adopt intra-procedure planning. date: 2024-03-07 date_type: published official_url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11548-024-03084-4 oa_status: green full_text_type: pub language: eng primo: open primo_central: open_green verified: verified_manual elements_id: 2260025 doi: 10.1007/s11548-024-03084-4 medium: Print-Electronic pii: 10.1007/s11548-024-03084-4 lyricists_name: Barratt, Dean lyricists_name: Hu, Yipeng lyricists_name: Clarkson, Matthew lyricists_name: Saeed, Shaheer Ullah lyricists_id: DBARR55 lyricists_id: YHUXX66 lyricists_id: MJCLA42 lyricists_id: SUSAE80 actors_name: Flynn, Bernadette actors_id: BFFLY94 actors_role: owner funding_acknowledgements: C28070/A30912 [Cancer Research UK]; C28070/A30912 [Cancer Research UK]; C28070/A30912 [Cancer Research UK]; C73666/A31378 [Cancer Research UK]; C73666/A31378 [Cancer Research UK]; C73666/A31378 [Cancer Research UK]; EP/T029404/1 [Cancer Research UK]; EP/T029404/1 [Cancer Research UK] full_text_status: public publication: International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery event_location: Germany issn: 1861-6410 citation: Gayo, Iani JMB; Saeed, Shaheer U; Bonmati, Ester; Barratt, Dean C; Clarkson, Matthew J; Hu, Yipeng; (2024) The distinct roles of reinforcement learning between pre-procedure and intra-procedure planning for prostate biopsy. International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery 10.1007/s11548-024-03084-4 <https://doi.org/10.1007/s11548-024-03084-4>. (In press). Green open access document_url: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10189315/1/s11548-024-03084-4.pdf