eprintid: 10187361 rev_number: 6 eprint_status: archive userid: 699 dir: disk0/10/18/73/61 datestamp: 2024-02-19 12:12:30 lastmod: 2024-02-19 12:12:30 status_changed: 2024-02-19 12:12:30 type: article metadata_visibility: show sword_depositor: 699 creators_name: Papineau, Dominic title: Chemically Oscillating Reactions as a New Model for the Formation of Mineral Patterns in Agate Geodes and Concretions ispublished: pub divisions: UCL divisions: B04 divisions: C06 divisions: F57 keywords: Abiotic; biosignature; origin of life; concretion; agate geodes note: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third-party material in this article are included in the Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ abstract: Agate geodes contain spheroidal patterns characterized by spectacularly coloured and circularly concentric laminations with radially aligned quartz crystals, yet the origin of these geometric patterns has remained enigmatic. Here, detailed comparisons are documented between these kinds of patterns in a selection of geodes and concretions and those produced by abiotic chemically oscillating reactions. We find strikingly comparable self-similar, fractal patterns in both natural volcanogenic geodes and sedimentary concretions as well as in these benchtop experiments. In addition, the mineralogical composition of patterns and associated organic matter point to the oxidation of organic compounds in both geodes and concretions. This process occurred during diagenetic or supergene alteration, and it is consistent with spontaneous and abiotic chemically oscillating reactions. It is concluded that the oxidation of organic acids was involved in the formation of these patterns and that these rocks indicate oxidation–reduction reactions involving organic carbon, which itself may be abiotic or biological in origin. Hence, agate geodes and concretions represent the abiotic biosignatures of possible biological origin in volcanic and sedimentary rocks. date: 2024-02-16 date_type: published official_url: https://doi.org/10.3390/min14020203 oa_status: green full_text_type: pub language: eng primo: open primo_central: open_green verified: verified_manual elements_id: 2248030 doi: 10.3390/min14020203 lyricists_name: Papineau, Dominic lyricists_id: DPAPI19 actors_name: Papineau, Dominic actors_id: DPAPI19 actors_role: owner full_text_status: public publication: Minerals volume: 14 article_number: 203 citation: Papineau, Dominic; (2024) Chemically Oscillating Reactions as a New Model for the Formation of Mineral Patterns in Agate Geodes and Concretions. Minerals , 14 , Article 203. 10.3390/min14020203 <https://doi.org/10.3390/min14020203>. Green open access document_url: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10187361/1/Papineau_2024_Minerals_COR_for_geodes_and_concretions.pdf