eprintid: 10186651 rev_number: 6 eprint_status: archive userid: 699 dir: disk0/10/18/66/51 datestamp: 2024-02-06 14:18:53 lastmod: 2024-02-06 14:18:53 status_changed: 2024-02-06 14:18:53 type: article metadata_visibility: show sword_depositor: 699 creators_name: Krause, AL creators_name: Gaffney, EA creators_name: Jewell, TJ creators_name: Klika, V creators_name: Walker, BJ title: Turing Instabilities are Not Enough to Ensure Pattern Formation ispublished: pub divisions: UCL divisions: B04 divisions: C06 divisions: F59 keywords: Multistability, Pattern formation, Turing instabilities, Ecosystem, Mathematical Concepts, Models, Biological, Diffusion, Gene Regulatory Networks note: This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. abstract: Symmetry-breaking instabilities play an important role in understanding the mechanisms underlying the diversity of patterns observed in nature, such as in Turing’s reaction–diffusion theory, which connects cellular signalling and transport with the development of growth and form. Extensive literature focuses on the linear stability analysis of homogeneous equilibria in these systems, culminating in a set of conditions for transport-driven instabilities that are commonly presumed to initiate self-organisation. We demonstrate that a selection of simple, canonical transport models with only mild multistable non-linearities can satisfy the Turing instability conditions while also robustly exhibiting only transient patterns. Hence, a Turing-like instability is insufficient for the existence of a patterned state. While it is known that linear theory can fail to predict the formation of patterns, we demonstrate that such failures can appear robustly in systems with multiple stable homogeneous equilibria. Given that biological systems such as gene regulatory networks and spatially distributed ecosystems often exhibit a high degree of multistability and nonlinearity, this raises important questions of how to analyse prospective mechanisms for self-organisation. date: 2024-01-22 date_type: published publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC official_url: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11538-023-01250-4 oa_status: green full_text_type: pub language: eng primo: open primo_central: open_green verified: verified_manual elements_id: 2222072 doi: 10.1007/s11538-023-01250-4 medium: Electronic pii: 10.1007/s11538-023-01250-4 lyricists_name: Walker, Benjamin lyricists_id: BWALK77 actors_name: Walker, Benjamin actors_id: BWALK77 actors_role: owner funding_acknowledgements: [Royal Commission for the Exhibition of 1851] full_text_status: public publication: Bulletin of Mathematical Biology volume: 86 article_number: 21 event_location: United States issn: 0092-8240 citation: Krause, AL; Gaffney, EA; Jewell, TJ; Klika, V; Walker, BJ; (2024) Turing Instabilities are Not Enough to Ensure Pattern Formation. Bulletin of Mathematical Biology , 86 , Article 21. 10.1007/s11538-023-01250-4 <https://doi.org/10.1007/s11538-023-01250-4>. Green open access document_url: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10186651/1/Turing%20Instabilities%20are%20Not%20Enough%20to%20Ensure%20Pattern%20Formation.pdf