%X BACKGROUND: Extended interval dosing (EID) of natalizumab treatment is increasingly used in multiple sclerosis. Besides the clear anti-inflammatory effect, natalizumab is considered to have neuroprotective properties as well. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to study the longitudinal effects of EID compared to standard interval dosing (SID) and natalizumab drug concentrations on brain atrophy. METHODS: Patients receiving EID or SID of natalizumab with a minimum radiological follow-up of 2 years were included. Changes in brain atrophy measures over time were derived from clinical routine 3D-Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recovery (FLAIR)-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans using SynthSeg. RESULTS: We found no differences between EID (n = 32) and SID (n = 50) for whole brain (-0.21% vs -0.16%, p = 0.42), ventricular (1.84% vs 1.13%, p = 0.24), and thalamic (-0.32% vs -0.32%, p = 0.97) annualized volume change over a median follow-up of 3.2 years. No associations between natalizumab drug concentration and brain atrophy rate were found. CONCLUSION: We found no clear evidence that EID compared to SID or lower natalizumab drug concentrations have a negative impact on the development of brain atrophy over time.
%C England
%O © The Author(s) 2024. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
%L discovery10186117
%J Multiple Sclerosis Journal
%K Multiple sclerosis, brain atrophy, drug concentration, extended interval dosing, natalizumab
%D 2024
%A Alyssa A Toorop
%A Samantha Noteboom
%A Martijn D Steenwijk
%A Job W Gravendeel
%A Bas Jasperse
%A Frederik Barkhof
%A Eva Mm Strijbis
%A Theo Rispens
%A Menno M Schoonheim
%A Zoé LE van Kempen
%A Joep Killestein
%T Exploring the effects of extended interval dosing of natalizumab and drug concentrations on brain atrophy in multiple sclerosis