TY  - JOUR
N1  - This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access page (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).
KW  - Digital economy
KW  -  cloud computing
KW  -  network analysis
KW  -  Siemens
KW  -  science and technology strategy
KW  -  big
tech
SN  - 1024-5294
TI  - Producing and using artificial intelligence: What can Europe learn from Siemens's experience?
AV  - public
IS  - 2
EP  - 331
VL  - 27
SP  - 302
A1  - Fernández Franco, Sebastian
A1  - Graña, Juan M
A1  - Flacher, David
A1  - Rikap, Cecilia
JF  - Competition & Change
PB  - SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD
Y1  - 2023/04//
N2  - This paper examines the innovation strategy of Siemens, a key player in Europe?s digital economy, by performing network and lexical analyses using data derived from Siemens?s patents and scientific publications since 1998. We observe that the company?s innovation efforts evolved from a broader attempt to develop internal information and communication technology (ICT) capabilities ? alongside its historical industrial priorities ? to a strategy focused on developing artificial intelligence (AI) for sector-specific and niche applications (such as life and medical sciences). As a result, it became dependent on tech giants? clouds for accessing more general AI services and digital infrastructure. We build on the intellectual monopoly literature focusing on the effects of tech giants on other leading corporations, to analyse Siemens?s experience. By abandoning the development of general ICT and given the emergence of tech giants as digital economy intellectual monopolies, we show that Siemens is risking its technological autonomy towards these big tech companies. Our results provide clues to understand the challenges faced by Europe and its firms in relation to US and Chinese tech giants.
ID  - discovery10185466
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1177/10245294221097066
ER  -