eprintid: 10185432
rev_number: 7
eprint_status: archive
userid: 699
dir: disk0/10/18/54/32
datestamp: 2024-01-15 16:13:42
lastmod: 2024-01-15 16:13:42
status_changed: 2024-01-15 16:13:42
type: article
metadata_visibility: show
sword_depositor: 699
creators_name: Keeble, Lewis
creators_name: Jaccottet, Arthur
creators_name: Ma, Daryl
creators_name: Rodriguez-Manzano, Jesus
creators_name: Georgiou, Pantelis
title: An electroplated Ag/AgCl quasi-reference electrode based on CMOS top-metal for electrochemical sensing
ispublished: pub
divisions: UCL
divisions: B04
divisions: C05
divisions: F45
keywords: CMOS,
Reference electrode,
Electroplating,
Electrochemical,
Electroless
note: © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
abstract: The integration and mass-production of reference electrodes for CMOS-based electrochemical sensing systems
pose a challenge for the accessibility and commercial-viability of such devices. In this paper, a method of
electroplating an Ag/AgCl quasi-reference electrode using CMOS top-metal as a base is presented for the first
time. The aluminium bond-pad of a CMOS microchip was zincated, an electroless nickel immersion gold layer
applied, and a thick silver layer electroplated and chemically chlorinated. The resulting reference electrode was
able to provide a stable potential with a drift rate of 0.3 mV/h for up to 18 h. This validates the approach of a
fully electroplated bond-pad reference electrode, which offers simplified post-processing and greater scalability
of production. Further work towards an entirely electroless process is envisaged
date: 2024-01
date_type: published
publisher: Elsevier BV
official_url: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2024.143780
oa_status: green
full_text_type: pub
language: eng
primo: open
primo_central: open_green
verified: verified_manual
elements_id: 2139534
doi: 10.1016/j.electacta.2024.143780
lyricists_name: Jaccottet, Arthur
lyricists_id: AJACC75
actors_name: Jaccottet, Arthur
actors_id: AJACC75
actors_role: owner
full_text_status: public
publication: Electrochimica Acta
volume: 477
article_number: 143780
issn: 0013-4686
citation:        Keeble, Lewis;    Jaccottet, Arthur;    Ma, Daryl;    Rodriguez-Manzano, Jesus;    Georgiou, Pantelis;      (2024)    An electroplated Ag/AgCl quasi-reference electrode based on CMOS top-metal for electrochemical sensing.                   Electrochimica Acta , 477     , Article 143780.  10.1016/j.electacta.2024.143780 <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2024.143780>.       Green open access   
 
document_url: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10185432/1/Keeble%20%282024%29%20-%20An%20electroplated%20AgAgCl%20quasi-reference%20electrode%20based%20on%20CMOS%20top-metal%20for%20electrochemical%20sensing.pdf