eprintid: 10184510 rev_number: 7 eprint_status: archive userid: 699 dir: disk0/10/18/45/10 datestamp: 2024-01-03 14:50:57 lastmod: 2024-01-03 14:50:57 status_changed: 2024-01-03 14:50:57 type: article metadata_visibility: show sword_depositor: 699 creators_name: Ditter, Andreas title: The Reduction of Necessity to Essence ispublished: pub divisions: UCL divisions: B03 divisions: C01 divisions: F16 note: This version is the author accepted manuscript. For information on re-use, please refer to the publisher's terms and conditions. abstract: In ‘Essence and Modality’, Kit Fine (1994) proposes that for a proposition to be metaphysically necessary is for it to be true in virtue of the nature of all objects. Call this view Fine’s Thesis. This paper is a study of Fine’s Thesis in the context of Fine’s logic of essence (LE). Fine himself has offered his most elaborate defence of the thesis in the context of LE. His defence rests on the widely shared assumption that metaphysical necessity obeys the laws of the modal logic S5. In order to get S5 for metaphysical necessity, he assumes a controversial principle about the nature of all objects. I will show that the addition of this principle to his original system E5 leads to inconsistency with an independently plausible principle about essence. In response, I develop a theory that avoids this inconsistency while allowing us to maintain S5 for metaphysical necessity. However, I conclude that our investigation of Fine’s Thesis in the context of LE motivates the revisionary conclusion that metaphysical necessity obeys the principles of the modal logic S4, but not those of S5. I argue that this constitutes a distinctively essentialist challenge to the received view that the logic of metaphysical necessity is S5. date: 2020-04 date_type: published publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP) official_url: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mind/fzz045 oa_status: green full_text_type: other language: eng primo: open primo_central: open_green verified: verified_manual elements_id: 2106454 doi: 10.1093/mind/fzz045 lyricists_name: Ditter, Andreas lyricists_id: ADITT53 actors_name: Ditter, Andreas actors_id: ADITT53 actors_role: owner full_text_status: public publication: Mind volume: 129 number: 514 pagerange: 351-380 citation: Ditter, Andreas; (2020) The Reduction of Necessity to Essence. Mind , 129 (514) pp. 351-380. 10.1093/mind/fzz045 <https://doi.org/10.1093/mind%2Ffzz045>. Green open access document_url: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10184510/1/DITTROv1.pdf