?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.title=Mixed+Context+and+Privacy&rft.creator=Sowell%2C+Jesse&rft.description=Users+engaging+online+service+providers+(OSPs)+such+as+Google%2C+Amazon%2C+and+Facebook+encounter+environments%0D%0Aarchitected+by+a+single+actor+(the+OSP)%2C+but+comprised+of+content+and+executable+elements+potentially+provided+by+multiple+actors.%0D%0AFor+the+ten+OSPs+analyzed%2C+privacy+policies+only+cover+content+provided+directly+by+the+OSP.+Content+provided+by+external+(third+party)%0D%0Acontent+providers%2C+such+as+advertising+networks+and+third+party+developers%2C+are+governed+by+a+different+set+of+privacy+policies.+In+effect%2C%0D%0Ausers+face+environments+comprised+of+mixed+content+governed+by+potentially+conflicting+privacy+policies.+Reasonably+unraveling+these%0D%0Aconflicting+privacy+guarantees+confounds+the+process+of+determining+whether+users%E2%80%99+privacy+preference+are+satisfied.+The+notion+of%0D%0Aa+mixed+context+describes+scenarios+where+a+user+is+faced+with+multiple%2C+potentially+conflicting+policy+guarantees+within+a+seemingly%0D%0Auniform%2C+contiguous+environment.%0D%0AThis+paper+develops+mixed+context+as+a+metaphor+that+informs+the+design+of+privacy+policies+and+the+attendant+privacy+tools.+Mixed%0D%0Acontext+has+also+led+to+insights+into+actor+incentives+and+dependencies+that+shape+the+design+of+policies%2C+online+environments%2C%0D%0Aand+ultimately+the+balance+between+advertising+(re)targeting+and+user+privacy.+The+mixed+context+metaphor+draws+evidence+from%0D%0AOSP+privacy+policies+and+builds+on+Nissenbaum%E2%80%99s+notion+of+contextual+integrity+%5B29%5D+as+an+analytic+framework+for+evaluating+privacy%0D%0Aimplications.+This+framework+describes+privacy+in+terms+of+participants%E2%80%99+context-specific+norms+that+are+rooted+in+an+experience-based%0D%0Aunderstanding+of+the+environment+and+the+constraints+on+the+behaviors+of+other+actors+in+that+environment.+The+instances+of+mixed%0D%0Acontext+presented+here+confound+this+process+because%2C+although+the+environment+is+architected+by+a+single+actor+and+appears+to+be+a%0D%0Asingle+context%2C+closer+inspection+reveals+it+is+in+fact+governed+by+multiple%2C+potentially+conflicting+policies.+The+mixed+context+metaphor%0D%0Ahas+also+helped+surface+institutional+incentive+structures+that+confound+the+development+of+meaningful+privacy+policies+and+tools.+An%0D%0Aimmediate+observation+is+that+many+of+the+actors+contributing+to+the+mix+are+invisible+to+the+casual+user.+This+impedes+the+development%0D%0Aof+reasonable+expectations+about+a+particular+environment+based+on+attributing+elements+of+the+experience+to+particular+actors.+Second%2C%0D%0A%E2%80%9Cinvisible%E2%80%9D+non-OSP+actors%2C+in+particular+advertisers%2C+are+not+directly+accountable+to+users+with+regard+to+how+they+use+information+for%0D%0A(re)targeting+of+advertisements.+OSP+privacy+policies+provides+conceptual+evidence+of+mixed+context%3B+recent+media+investigations+%5B39%5D%0D%0Ahave+documented+(observed)+instances+of+mixed+context+outcomes+%E2%80%9Cin+the+wild.%E2%80%9D%0D%0AAlthough+superficially+a+technical+coordination+problem%2C+resolutions+to+mixed+context+problems+are+rooted+in+both+technical+means+and%0D%0Athe+institutional+arrangements+of+actors.+The+common+%E2%80%9Cservice-and-utility%E2%80%9D+framing+identified+in+the+privacy+policy+focuses+on+the+benefits%0D%0Aof+targeting+while+underplaying+privacy+implications.+Mixed+context+attempts+to+avoid+interest-specific+metaphors+such+as+service-andutility+and+value-laden+metaphors+such+as+those+focusing+on+the+contrast+between+privacy+and+surveillance.+As+applied+here%2C+the+focus%0D%0Ais+to+identify+shared+concerns+that+contribute+to+a+collaborative+understanding+of+the+flow+of+user+information+that+has+collateral+benefits%0D%0Afor+both+advertising+and+privacy+objectives.+Evidence+of+deficiencies+and+mixed+context+have+been+identified+via+a+bottom-up+analysis%0D%0Aof+privacy+policies.+In+contrast%2C+design+and+policy+recommendations+are+couched+in+a+top-down+institutional+analysis+that+presents%0D%0Aincentives+for+developing+tools+that+convey+the+implications+of+mixed+context+in+situ.&rft.publisher=SSRN&rft.date=2010-08-15&rft.type=Proceedings+paper&rft.language=eng&rft.source=+++++In%3A++TPRC+38%3A+The+38th+Research+Conference+on+Communication%2C+Information+and+Internet+Policy.++++SSRN%3A+Fairfax%2C+VA%2C+USA.+(2010)+++++&rft.format=text&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fdiscovery.ucl.ac.uk%2Fid%2Feprint%2F10183496%2F1%2FSowell%2520-%25202010%2520-%2520Mixed%2520Context.pdf&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fdiscovery.ucl.ac.uk%2Fid%2Feprint%2F10183496%2F&rft.rights=open