?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.title=Empirical+Studies+of+Bottom-Up+Internet+Governance&rft.creator=Sowell%2C+Jesse+Horton&rft.description=The+notion+of+bottom-up+governance+in+the+Internet+is+not+new%2C+but+the+precise+underlying+mechanisms+have+received+little%0D%0Aprimary%2C+empirical+study.+The+majority+of+Internet+governance+literature+is+couched+in+contrasting+familiar+top-down+modes+of+governance%0D%0Awith+the+design+of+and+subsequent+critique+of+governance+institutions+such+as+ICANN+or+the+WSIS+processes+that+created+the+Internet%0D%0AGovernance+Forum+(IGF).+This+paper+reports+on+dissertation+work+collecting+and+analyzing+empirical+evidence+of+how+bottom-up%0D%0Agovernance+mechanisms+operate+in+situ.+Methodologically%2C+participant-observer+ethnographies+are+supplemented+by+text+mining+and%0D%0Asocial+network+analysis%E2%80%94the+combination+facilitates+analysis+of+community-generated+artifacts+cross-validated+against+semi-structured%0D%0Ainterviews.+This+paper+reports+on+ethnographic+studies+thus+far%2C+drawing+on+early+interviews+and+private+conversations.%0D%0AScoping+the+domain%2C+this+work+evaluates+organizational+modes+at+the+intersection+of+Internet+operations+and+security.+Three+categories%0D%0Aof+non-state+organizational+modes+contribute+evidence%3A+network+operator+groups+(NOGs)+and+RIRs%3B+Internet+eXchange+Points+(IXPs)%3B%0D%0Aanti-abuse+organizations+and+communities+such+as+the+Messaging%2C+Malware%2C+and+Mobile+Anti-Abuse+Working+Group+(M3AAWG)%2C%0D%0ASpamhaus%2C+and+the+Anti-Phishing+Working+Group+(APWG).+As+of+this+writing%2C+the+anti-abuse+studiy+is+the+least+developed+study+and%0D%0Awill+be+addressed+comparatively.+The+author+engages+as+a+participant-observer+in+forums+from+each+category%2C+developing+relationships%0D%0Aand+engaging+in+semi-structured+interviews+with+participants+and+organizers.%0D%0AThese+studies+contribute+to+understanding+how+decentralized+%E2%80%9Cclose-knit+yet+loosely+organized%E2%80%9D+communities+coordinate+localized%0D%0Aoperational+capacity+(direct+access+to+private+network+operations+and+security+incidents)+to+achieve+global+operational+and+decisional%0D%0Acapacity+sufficient+to+address+problems+as+they+arise%2C+at+Internet+clockspeed.+Ongoing+fieldwork+provides+early+insights+into+these%0D%0Aprocesses.+Many+of+these+governance+arrangements+comprise+actors+pursuing+nominally+private+interests%2C+yet+they+produce+collateral%0D%0Apublic+benefits.+Important+to+this+work+is+that+the+combination+of+private+interests+and+the+creation+of+public+goods+is+distinct+from%0D%0Aboth+how+open+these+organizational+modes+are+and+how+transparent+the+attendant+processes+are.+Various+combinations+exist+within%0D%0Athese+studies+and+will+be+presented.+This+report+will+provide+a+preliminary+comparative+analysis+within+and+across+the+studies.+These%0D%0Aarrangements+are+framed+as+instances+of+private+authority.+One+contribution+of+this+work+is+a+mapping+of+concepts+and+models%0D%0Afrom+international+relations+and+political+economy+to+the+domain+of+bottom-up+Internet+governance+to+facilitate+comparison+not+only%0D%0Awithin+and+across+the+studies%2C+but+also+with+conventional+governance+arrangements.+Using+this+language%2C+comparisons+will+highlight%2C%0D%0Aamong+other+factors%2C+the+variety+of+vetting+and+consensus+building+processes+at+play%2C+trade-offs+between+formal+and+informal+rules+and%0D%0Anorms%2C+mechanisms+for+evaluating+policies%2C+and+early+evidence+of+the+density+of+social+networks+that+facilitate+communication+within%0D%0Aand+across+differentiated+policy+and+issue+communities.+Taken+together%2C+these+factors+will+contribute+to+an+argument+that+bottom-up%0D%0Agovernance+(of+the+Internet)+is+not+simply+a+varient+of+multistakeholder-ist+or+multilateralist+governance+confounded+by+a+functionalist%0D%0Aand%2For+corporatist+flavor.+Rather%2C+bottom-up+governance+will+be+presented+as+a+broad+yet+densely+connected%2C+pluralistic+marketplace+of%0D%0Agovernance+arrangements+whose+continuous+engagement+in+policy+experiments+allows+the+community+as+a+whole+to+keep+pace+with%0D%0Athe+development+of+issues+in+and+on+the+global+Internet.&rft.publisher=SSRN&rft.date=2012-09-23&rft.type=Proceedings+paper&rft.language=eng&rft.source=+++++In%3A++TPRC+40%3A+The+40th+Research+Conference+on+Communication%2C+Information+and+Internet+Policy.++++SSRN%3A+Fairfax%2C+VA%2C+USA.+(2012)+++++&rft.format=text&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fdiscovery.ucl.ac.uk%2Fid%2Feprint%2F10183495%2F1%2FSowell%2520-%25202012%2520-%2520Empirical%2520Studies.pdf&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fdiscovery.ucl.ac.uk%2Fid%2Feprint%2F10183495%2F&rft.rights=open