eprintid: 10180229 rev_number: 6 eprint_status: archive userid: 699 dir: disk0/10/18/02/29 datestamp: 2023-11-03 14:22:09 lastmod: 2023-11-03 14:22:09 status_changed: 2023-11-03 14:22:09 type: article metadata_visibility: show sword_depositor: 699 creators_name: Marais, Eloise A creators_name: Kelly, Jamie M creators_name: Vohra, Karn creators_name: Li, Yifan creators_name: Lu, Gongda creators_name: Hina, Naila creators_name: Rowe, Ed C title: Impact of Legislated and Best Available Emission Control Measures on UK Particulate Matter Pollution, Premature Mortality, and Nitrogen-Sensitive Habitats ispublished: pub divisions: UCL divisions: B03 divisions: C03 divisions: F26 keywords: agricultural emissions, air quality, ecosystem health, nitrogen pollution, particulate matter pollution, public health note: © 2023 The Authors. GeoHealth published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Geophysical Union. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes. abstract: Past emission controls in the UK have substantially reduced precursor emissions of health-hazardous fine particles (PM2.5) and nitrogen pollution detrimental to ecosystems. Still, 79% of the UK exceeds the World Health Organization (WHO) guideline for annual mean PM2.5 of 5 μg m-3 and there is no enforcement of controls on agricultural sources of ammonia (NH3). NH3 is a phytotoxin and an increasingly large contributor to PM2.5 and nitrogen deposited to sensitive habitats. Here we use emissions projections, the GEOS-Chem model, high-resolution data sets, and contemporary exposure-risk relationships to assess potential human and ecosystem health co-benefits in 2030 relative to the present day of adopting legislated or best available emission control measures. We estimate that present-day annual adult premature mortality attributable to exposure to PM2.5 is 48,625 (95% confidence interval: 45,188-52,595), that harmful amounts of reactive nitrogen deposit to almost all (95%) sensitive habitat areas, and that 75% of ambient NH3 exceeds levels safe for bryophytes and lichens. Legal measures decrease the extent of the UK above the WHO guideline to 58% and avoid 6,800 premature deaths by 2030. This improves with best available measures to 36% of the UK and 13,300 avoided deaths. Both legal and best available measures are insufficient at reducing the extent of damage of nitrogen pollution to sensitive habitats. Far more ambitious reductions in nitrogen emissions (>80%) than is achievable with best available measures (34%) are required to halve the amount of excess nitrogen deposited to sensitive habitats. date: 2023-10 date_type: published publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU) official_url: https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GH000910 oa_status: green full_text_type: pub language: eng primo: open primo_central: open_green verified: verified_manual elements_id: 2103200 doi: 10.1029/2023GH000910 medium: Electronic-eCollection pii: GH2482 lyricists_name: Marais, Eloise lyricists_name: Lu, Gongda lyricists_id: EAMAR45 lyricists_id: GLUXX15 actors_name: Flynn, Bernadette actors_id: BFFLY94 actors_role: owner full_text_status: public publication: GeoHealth volume: 7 number: 10 article_number: e2023GH000910 event_location: United States issn: 2471-1403 citation: Marais, Eloise A; Kelly, Jamie M; Vohra, Karn; Li, Yifan; Lu, Gongda; Hina, Naila; Rowe, Ed C; (2023) Impact of Legislated and Best Available Emission Control Measures on UK Particulate Matter Pollution, Premature Mortality, and Nitrogen-Sensitive Habitats. GeoHealth , 7 (10) , Article e2023GH000910. 10.1029/2023GH000910 <https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GH000910>. Green open access document_url: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10180229/1/Impact%20of%20Legislated%20and%20Best%20Available%20Emission%20Control%20Measures%20on%20UK%20Particulate%20Matter.pdf