eprintid: 10178844
rev_number: 8
eprint_status: archive
userid: 699
dir: disk0/10/17/88/44
datestamp: 2023-10-13 14:51:13
lastmod: 2023-10-13 14:51:13
status_changed: 2023-10-13 14:51:13
type: article
metadata_visibility: show
sword_depositor: 699
creators_name: Casula, Elias P
creators_name: Leodori, Giorgio
creators_name: Ibáñez, Jaime
creators_name: Benussi, Alberto
creators_name: Rawji, Vishal
creators_name: Tremblay, Sara
creators_name: Latorre, Anna
creators_name: Rothwell, John C
creators_name: Rocchi, Lorenzo
title: The Effect of Coil Orientation on the Stimulation of the Pre–Supplementary Motor Area: A Combined TMS and EEG Study
ispublished: pub
divisions: UCL
divisions: B02
divisions: C07
divisions: D07
divisions: F84
keywords: Transcranial magnetic stimulation; electroencephalography; motor evoked potentials; TMS–EEG; presupplementary motor area; coil direction
note: Copyright © 2022 by the authors.
Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and
conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license
(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
abstract: Studies using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) have demonstrated the importance of direction and intensity of the applied current when the primary motor cortex (M1) is targeted. By varying these, it is possible to stimulate different subsets of neural elements, as demonstrated by modulation of motor evoked potentials (MEPs) and motor behaviour. The latter involves premotor areas as well, and among them, the presupplementary motor area (pre–SMA) has recently received significant attention in the study of motor inhibition. It is possible that, similar to M1, different neuronal populations can be activated by varying the direction and intensity of TMS; however, the absence of a direct electrophysiological outcome has limited this investigation. The problem can be solved by quantifying direct cortical responses by means of combined TMS and electroencephalography (TMS–EEG). We investigated the effect of variable coil orientations (0°, 90°, 180° and 270°) and stimulation intensities (100%, 120% and 140% of resting motor threshold) on local mean field potential (LMFP), transcranial evoked potential (TEP) peaks and TMS–related spectral perturbation (TRSP) from pre–SMA stimulation. As a result, early and late LMFP and peaks were larger, with the coil handle pointing posteriorly (0°) and laterally (90°). This was true also for TRSP in the β–γ range, but, surprisingly, θ–α TRSP was larger with the coil pointing at 180°. A 90° orientation activated the right M1, as shown by MEPs elicitation, thus limiting the spatial specificity of the stimulation. These results suggest that coil orientation and stimulation intensity are critical when stimulating the pre–SMA.
date: 2022-10
date_type: published
publisher: MDPI
official_url: https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12101358
oa_status: green
full_text_type: pub
language: eng
primo: open
primo_central: open_green
verified: verified_manual
elements_id: 1986208
doi: 10.3390/brainsci12101358
medium: Electronic
pii: brainsci12101358
lyricists_name: Rothwell, John
lyricists_name: Latorre, Anna
lyricists_id: JCROT52
lyricists_id: ALATO85
actors_name: Rothwell, John
actors_id: JCROT52
actors_role: owner
funding_acknowledgements: 798957 [European Commission]
full_text_status: public
publication: Brain Sciences
volume: 12
number: 10
article_number: 1358
pages: 14
event_location: Switzerland
issn: 2076-3425
citation:        Casula, Elias P;    Leodori, Giorgio;    Ibáñez, Jaime;    Benussi, Alberto;    Rawji, Vishal;    Tremblay, Sara;    Latorre, Anna;         ... Rocchi, Lorenzo; + view all <#>        Casula, Elias P;  Leodori, Giorgio;  Ibáñez, Jaime;  Benussi, Alberto;  Rawji, Vishal;  Tremblay, Sara;  Latorre, Anna;  Rothwell, John C;  Rocchi, Lorenzo;   - view fewer <#>    (2022)    The Effect of Coil Orientation on the Stimulation of the Pre–Supplementary Motor Area: A Combined TMS and EEG Study.                   Brain Sciences , 12  (10)    , Article 1358.  10.3390/brainsci12101358 <https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12101358>.       Green open access   
 
document_url: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10178844/1/The%20Effect%20of%20Coil%20Orientation%20on%20the%20Stimulation%20of%20the%20Pre-Supplementary%20Motor%20Area%20A%20Combined%20TMS%20and%20EEG%20Study.pdf