@article{discovery10174062,
            note = {This version is the author accepted manuscript. For information on re-use, please refer to the publisher's terms and conditions.},
         journal = {International Security},
           title = {Taming Rebellion in South America, 1830-1929},
            year = {2023},
       publisher = {Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press (MIT Press)},
            issn = {0162-2889},
        keywords = {Civil wars, coups, Latin America, 19th century, military professionalization},
             url = {https://direct.mit.edu/isec},
        abstract = {South America was plagued by internal conflict during the 19th century that destabilized the
region's economies and political systems. At the beginning of the 20th century, however, levels of
political violence throughout the region declined dramatically. Existing scholarship has paid
surprisingly little attention to this historic transformation in part because of the absence of
comprehensive data on revolts. Drawing on the work of historians, we create a comprehensive
dataset on revolts in ten South American countries from 1830 to 1929, and we develop an original
typology of revolts based on the origins of the rebel leaders. We find that revolts from outside the
state apparatus declined dramatically during this period, while revolts from inside the state, such
as coups, did not. We hypothesize that increases in the size and professionalization of the military,
which were driven by the export boom and the threat of international conflict, are fundamental to
explain these regional patterns. We test the observational implications of our theory through
historical narratives and a series of regression analyses on cross-national time-series data.},
          author = {Schenoni, Luis L and Madrid, Raul}
}