TY  - JOUR
N2  - The last 35 years have been a period of intense and continuous international negotiations to deal with climate change. During the same period of time humanity has doubled the amount of anthropogenic carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. There has, however, been progress and some notable successes in the negotiations. In 2015, at COP21 of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, 196 countries adopted the Paris Agreement stating that they would limit global temperatures to well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels and would pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels. The first review of the Paris Agreement was at COP26 in Glasgow with many countries pledging to go to net zero emissions by the middle of the century. But currently these pledges, if fulfilled, will only limit the global average temperature to between 2.4°C and 2.8°C. At COP27 in Egypt the core agreements from the Glasgow Climate Pact were maintained and countries finally agreed to set up a loss and damage facility ? although details of who will provide the finance and who can claim are still be to be worked out. This article reviews the key moments in the history of international climate change negotiations and discusses what the key objectives are for future COP meetings.
UR  - https://doi.org/10.14324/111.444/ucloe.000059
ID  - discovery10174043
Y1  - 2023///
JF  - UCL Open: Environment
A1  - Maslin, M.A.
A1  - Lang, J.
A1  - Harvey, F.
PB  - UCL Press
VL  - 5
SP  - 1
EP  - 16
TI  - A short history of the successes and failures of the international climate change negotiations
SN  - 26320886
AV  - public
KW  - climate change
KW  -  negotiations
KW  -  UNFCCC
KW  -  COP26
KW  -  COP27
KW  -  Paris Agreement
KW  -  Kyoto Protocol
KW  -  net zero
KW  -  climate emergency
KW  -  environmental social movements
N1  - © 2023 The Authors. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence (CC BY) 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
ER  -