%O This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images
or other third-party material in this article are included in the Creative Commons license,
unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license,
users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this
license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
%T The human vestibular cortex: functional anatomy of OP2, its connectivity and the effect of vestibular disease
%P 567-582
%L discovery10173980
%I OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
%D 2022
%C United States
%J Cerebral Cortex
%N 3
%K Science & Technology, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Neurosciences, Neurosciences & Neurology, perception, visual, vestibular neuritis, vestibular cortex, INDEPENDENT COMPONENT ANALYSIS, NEURONAL-ACTIVITY, DEFAULT MODE, MOTION, BRAIN, FMRI, RESPONSES, ROBUST, COMPENSATION, PERCEPTION
%V 33
%A Richard T Ibitoye
%A Emma-Jane Mallas
%A Niall J Bourke
%A Diego Kaski
%A Adolfo M Bronstein
%A David J Sharp
%X Area OP2 in the posterior peri-sylvian cortex has been proposed to be the core human vestibular cortex. We investigated the functional anatomy of OP2 and adjacent areas (OP2+) using spatially constrained independent component analysis (ICA) of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from the Human Connectome Project. Ten ICA-derived subregions were identified. OP2+ responses to vestibular and visual motion were analyzed in 17 controls and 17 right-sided vestibular neuritis patients who had previously undergone caloric and optokinetic stimulation during fMRI. In controls, a posterior part of right OP2+ showed: (i) direction-selective responses to visual motion and (ii) activation during caloric stimulation that correlated positively with perceived self-motion, and negatively with visual dependence and peak slow-phase nystagmus velocity. Patients showed abnormal OP2+ activity, with an absence of visual or caloric activation of the healthy ear and no correlations with vertigo or visual dependence-despite normal slow-phase nystagmus responses to caloric stimulation. Activity in a lateral part of right OP2+ correlated with chronic visually induced dizziness in patients. In summary, distinct functional subregions of right OP2+ show strong connectivity to other vestibular areas and a profile of caloric and visual responses, suggesting a central role for vestibular function in health and disease.