@article{discovery10173980,
          number = {3},
            year = {2022},
           month = {March},
         journal = {Cerebral Cortex},
          volume = {33},
            note = {This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images
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       publisher = {OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC},
           title = {The human vestibular cortex: functional anatomy of OP2, its connectivity and the effect of vestibular disease},
           pages = {567--582},
        keywords = {Science \& Technology, Life Sciences \& Biomedicine, Neurosciences, Neurosciences \& Neurology, perception, visual, vestibular neuritis, vestibular cortex, INDEPENDENT COMPONENT ANALYSIS, NEURONAL-ACTIVITY, DEFAULT MODE, MOTION, BRAIN, FMRI, RESPONSES, ROBUST, COMPENSATION, PERCEPTION},
             url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhac085},
          author = {Ibitoye, Richard T and Mallas, Emma-Jane and Bourke, Niall J and Kaski, Diego and Bronstein, Adolfo M and Sharp, David J},
        abstract = {Area OP2 in the posterior peri-sylvian cortex has been proposed to be the core human vestibular cortex. We investigated the functional anatomy of OP2 and adjacent areas (OP2+) using spatially constrained independent component analysis (ICA) of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from the Human Connectome Project. Ten ICA-derived subregions were identified. OP2+ responses to vestibular and visual motion were analyzed in 17 controls and 17 right-sided vestibular neuritis patients who had previously undergone caloric and optokinetic stimulation during fMRI. In controls, a posterior part of right OP2+ showed: (i) direction-selective responses to visual motion and (ii) activation during caloric stimulation that correlated positively with perceived self-motion, and negatively with visual dependence and peak slow-phase nystagmus velocity. Patients showed abnormal OP2+ activity, with an absence of visual or caloric activation of the healthy ear and no correlations with vertigo or visual dependence-despite normal slow-phase nystagmus responses to caloric stimulation. Activity in a lateral part of right OP2+ correlated with chronic visually induced dizziness in patients. In summary, distinct functional subregions of right OP2+ show strong connectivity to other vestibular areas and a profile of caloric and visual responses, suggesting a central role for vestibular function in health and disease.}
}