TY  - CHAP
AV  - public
EP  - 1081
SP  - 1067
N2  - Advance cardiac imaging techniques such as three-dimensional (3D) printing technology and engineering tools have experienced a rapid development over the last decade in many surgical and interventional settings. In presence of complex cardiac and extra-cardiac anatomies, the creation of a physical, patient-specific model is useful to better understand the anatomical spatial relationships and formulate the best surgical or interventional plan. Although many case reports and small series have been published over this topic, at the present time, there is still a lack of strong scientific evidence of the benefit of 3D models and advance engineering tools, including virtual and augmented reality, in clinical practice and only qualitative evaluation of the models has been used to investigate their clinical use. Patient-specific 3D models can be printed in many different materials including rigid, flexible and transparent materials, depending on their application. To plan interventional procedure, transparent materials may be preferred in order to better evaluate the device or stent landing zone. 3D models can also be used as an input for augmented and virtual reality application and advance fluido-dynamic simulation, which aim to support the interventional cardiologist before entering the cath lab. The aim of this chapter is to present an overview on how 3D printing, extended reality platforms and the most common computational engineering methodologies"finite element and computational fluid dynamics"are currently used to support percutaneous procedures in congenital heart disease (CHD), with examples from the scientific literature.
KW  - 3D printing
KW  -  extended realities
KW  -  finite element
KW  -  computational fluid
dynamics
KW  -  patient specific
A1  - Milano, EG
A1  - Popa, T
A1  - Iacob, AM
A1  - Schievano, S
PB  - Springer International Publishing
N1  - This version is the author accepted manuscript. For information on re-use, please refer to the publisher?s terms and conditions.
CY  - Cham, Switzerland
TI  - 3D Printing and Engineering Tools Relevant to Plan a Transcatheter Procedure
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69856-0_62
Y1  - 2021/07/23/
T2  - Cardiac Catheterization for Congenital Heart Disease: From Fetal Life to Adulthood, Second Edition
ID  - discovery10171777
ER  -