TY  - JOUR
SN  - 0958-0670
SP  - 448
IS  - 3
KW  - cold injury
KW  -  endothelial function
KW  -  endothelin
KW  -  interleukin nitric oxide
KW  -  oxidative stress
KW  -  pathophysiology
KW  -  syndecan
AV  - public
JF  - Experimental Physiology
Y1  - 2023/03/01/
TI  - Plasma biomarkers of endothelial function, inflammation and oxidative stress in individuals with non-freezing cold injury
PB  - Wiley
N1  - © 2023 The Authors. Experimental Physiology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Physiological Society.

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
ID  - discovery10166206
N2  - Plasma biomarkers of inflammation, oxidative stress, endothelial function and damage were examined in 16 individuals with chronic NFCI (NFCI) and matched control participants with (COLD, n = 17) or without (CON, n = 14) previous cold exposure. Venous blood samples were collected at baseline to assess plasma biomarkers of endothelial function (nitrate, nitrite and endothelin-1), inflammation [interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), tumour necrosis factor alpha and E-selectin], oxidative stress [protein carbonyl, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE), superoxide dismutase and nitrotyrosine) and endothelial damage [von Willebrand factor, syndecan-1 and tissue type plasminogen activator (TTPA)]. Immediately after whole-body heating and separately, foot cooling, blood samples were taken for measurement of plasma [nitrate], [nitrite], [endothelin-1], [IL-6], [4-HNE] and [TTPA]. At baseline, [IL-10] and [syndecan-1] were increased in NFCI (P < 0.001 and P = 0.015, respectively) and COLD (P = 0.033 and P = 0.030, respectively) compared with CON participants. The [4-HNE] was elevated in CON compared with both NFCI (P = 0.002) and COLD (P < 0.001). [Endothelin-1] was elevated in NFCI compared with COLD (P < 0.001) post-heating. The [4-HNE] was lower in NFCI compared with CON post-heating (P = 0.032) and lower than both COLD (P = 0.02) and CON (P = 0.015) post-cooling. No between-group differences were seen for the other biomarkers. Mild to moderate chronic NFCI does not appear to be associated with a pro-inflammatory state or oxidative stress. Baseline [IL-10] and [syndecan-1] and post-heating [endothelin-1] are the most promising candidates for diagnosing NFCI, but it is likely that a combination of tests will be required.
EP  - 464
A1  - Eglin, Clare M
A1  - Wright, Jennifer
A1  - Shepherd, Anthony I
A1  - Massey, Heather
A1  - Hollis, Sarah
A1  - Towse, Jonathan
A1  - Young, John S
A1  - Maley, Matthew J
A1  - Bailey, Stephen J
A1  - Wilkinson, Chris
A1  - Montgomery, Hugh
A1  - Tipton, Michael J
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1113/EP090722
VL  - 108
ER  -