eprintid: 10164936
rev_number: 6
eprint_status: archive
userid: 699
dir: disk0/10/16/49/36
datestamp: 2023-02-15 16:09:34
lastmod: 2023-02-15 16:09:34
status_changed: 2023-02-15 16:09:34
type: article
metadata_visibility: show
sword_depositor: 699
creators_name: von Borzyskowski, Inken
creators_name: Vabulas, Felicity
title: When Do Withdrawal Threats Achieve Reform in International Organizations?
ispublished: pub
divisions: UCL
divisions: B03
divisions: C03
divisions: F30
keywords: international organizations, withdraw, threat, reform, multilateralism
note: This version is the version of record. For information on re-use, please refer to the publisher's terms and conditions.
abstract: International organizations often come under pressure when states desire their reform. Some states threaten to leave international organizations unless their reform demands are met. But how often is threatening to withdraw associated with states demanding institutional reform? And under what conditions do states’ withdrawal threats actually achieve institutional reform? We argue that withdrawal threats are more likely to result in institutional reform when they (1) are made by powerful states and (2) are limited reform demands rather than calls for broader reform. We examine whether threatening to exit institutions can be a catalyst for institutional reform using an original dataset of withdrawal threats from all international organizations and states since 1980 (N = 130). The analysis supports our argument that withdrawal threats are more likely to lead to reforms when their associated demands are made by powerful states and are limited in scope. Further, we find that less than half of exit threats are linked to reform demands: many states threaten to withdraw due to conflicts with another state or for face-saving purposes, without making reform requests. This contrasts with the conventional understanding that exit threats often represent a backlash against international organizations. Perhaps surprisingly, the dynamics of bargaining over reform suggest that some organizations may emerge more, rather than less, resilient after states threaten to withdraw. We conclude with policy implications for rethinking multilateralism.
date: 2023-01-23
date_type: published
official_url: https://doi.org/10.1525/gp.2023.67826
oa_status: green
full_text_type: pub
language: eng
primo: open
primo_central: open_green
verified: verified_manual
elements_id: 1981647
doi: 10.1525/gp.2023.67826
lyricists_name: von Borzyskowski, Inken
lyricists_id: IVONB07
actors_name: von Borzyskowski, Inken
actors_id: IVONB07
actors_role: owner
full_text_status: public
publication: Global Perspectives
volume: 4
number: 1
article_number: 67826
citation:        von Borzyskowski, Inken;    Vabulas, Felicity;      (2023)    When Do Withdrawal Threats Achieve Reform in International Organizations?                   Global Perspectives , 4  (1)    , Article 67826.  10.1525/gp.2023.67826 <https://doi.org/10.1525/gp.2023.67826>.       Green open access   
 
document_url: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10164936/1/Borzyskowski%20Vabulas_2023_Withdrawal%20threats%20and%20reform.pdf