eprintid: 10160231 rev_number: 7 eprint_status: archive userid: 699 dir: disk0/10/16/02/31 datestamp: 2022-11-24 06:34:17 lastmod: 2022-11-24 06:34:17 status_changed: 2022-11-24 06:34:17 type: article metadata_visibility: show sword_depositor: 699 creators_name: Packer, Jessica creators_name: Croker, Helen creators_name: Goddings, Anne-Lise creators_name: Boyland, Emma J creators_name: Stansfield, Claire creators_name: Russell, Simon J creators_name: Viner, Russell M title: Advertising and Young People's Critical Reasoning Abilities: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis ispublished: pub divisions: UCL divisions: B16 divisions: B14 divisions: J81 keywords: Advertising, attitude, reasoning, narrative discourse note: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Young people are exposed to an abundance of advertising for unhealthy products (eg, unhealthy foods, tobacco, alcohol). Because of their developing cognition, children may not be able to understand the intent of advertising. However, advertising restrictions often assume that adolescents have critical reasoning capacity and can resist the effects of advertising. This review seeks to assess whether the evidence supports this assumption. METHODS: Ten databases were searched in December 2020. Inclusion criteria were participants aged 6 to 17 years, any advertising exposure, objectively measured understanding or attitudinal outcome, a comparison, control, and between-group comparison. This study included all languages and excluded studies published pre-2010. Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed study quality. RESULTS: Thirty-eight articles were included. Meta-analysis of 9 studies with attitudinal outcomes indicated that unhealthy product advertising generated more positive brand or product attitudes compared with neutral or no advertising control in all ages. There were significant effects for digital and nondigital advertising formats. We found greater understanding did not protect against the impact of advertising on brand or product attitudes. Limitations include the inability to meta-analyze the impact of advertising on understanding or the influence of age. CONCLUSIONS: Evidence shows that the attitudes of young people were influenced by advertising. Critical reasoning abilities did not appear to be fully developed during adolescence and not found to be protective against the impact of advertising. Policymakers should ensure regulations to restrict marketing of unhealthy commodities protects adolescents as well as younger children. date: 2022-11-15 date_type: published publisher: American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) official_url: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2022-057780 oa_status: green full_text_type: pub language: eng primo: open primo_central: open_green verified: verified_manual elements_id: 1989812 doi: 10.1542/peds.2022-057780 medium: Print-Electronic pii: 189944 lyricists_name: Stansfield, Claire lyricists_id: CMSTA07 actors_name: Bracey, Alan actors_id: ABBRA90 actors_role: owner full_text_status: public publication: Pediatrics volume: 150 number: 6 article_number: e2022057780 event_location: United States citation: Packer, Jessica; Croker, Helen; Goddings, Anne-Lise; Boyland, Emma J; Stansfield, Claire; Russell, Simon J; Viner, Russell M; (2022) Advertising and Young People's Critical Reasoning Abilities: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Pediatrics , 150 (6) , Article e2022057780. 10.1542/peds.2022-057780 <https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2022-057780>. Green open access document_url: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10160231/1/peds_2022057780.pdf