eprintid: 10159972 rev_number: 15 eprint_status: archive userid: 699 dir: disk0/10/15/99/72 datestamp: 2022-11-22 06:56:40 lastmod: 2023-04-26 09:17:04 status_changed: 2023-04-26 09:17:04 type: article metadata_visibility: show sword_depositor: 699 creators_name: Dib, Sarah creators_name: Wells, J creators_name: Eaton, Simon creators_name: Fewtrell, M title: A breastfeeding relaxation intervention promotes growth in late preterm and early term infants: results from a randomized controlled trial ispublished: pub divisions: UCL divisions: B02 divisions: D13 divisions: G22 divisions: G25 keywords: preterm; breastfeeding; maternal stress; growth; parent-offspring signaling; late preterm; early term; breast milk composition; relaxation note: © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). abstract: Breastfeeding involves signaling between mother and offspring through biological (breast milk) and behavioral pathways. This study tested this by examining the effects of a relaxation intervention in an understudied infant population. Breastfeeding mothers of late preterm (340/7–366/7 weeks) and early term (370/7–386/7 weeks) infants were randomized to the relaxation group (RG, n = 35), where they were asked to listen to a meditation recording while breastfeeding from 3 weeks post-delivery, or the control group (CG, n = 37) where no intervention was given. Primary outcomes-maternal stress and infant weight-were assessed at 2–3 (baseline) and 6–8 weeks post-delivery. Secondary outcomes included infant length, infant behavior, maternal verbal memory, salivary cortisol, and breast milk composition. Infants in the RG had significantly higher change in weight-for-age Z-score compared to those in CG (effect size: 0.4; 95% CI: 0.09, 0.71; p = 0.01), and shorter crying duration [RG: 5.0 min, 0.0–120.0 vs. CG: 30.0 min, 0.0–142.0; p = 0.03]. RG mothers had greater reduction in cortisol (effect size: −0.08 ug/dL, 95% CI −0.15, −0.01; p = 0.03) and better maternal verbal learning score (effect size: 1.1 words, 95% CI 0.04, 2.1; p = 0.04) than CG mothers, but did not differ in stress scores. A simple relaxation intervention during breastfeeding could be beneficial in promoting growth of late preterm and early term infants. Further investigation of other potential biological and behavioral mediators is warranted. date: 2022-11-27 date_type: published publisher: MDPI AG official_url: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14235041 oa_status: green full_text_type: pub language: eng primo: open primo_central: open_green verified: verified_manual elements_id: 1989370 doi: 10.3390/nu14235041 lyricists_name: Eaton, Simon lyricists_name: Wells, Jonathan lyricists_id: SEATO65 lyricists_id: JWELL04 actors_name: Eaton, Simon actors_id: SEATO65 actors_role: owner full_text_status: public publication: Nutrients volume: 14 number: 23 article_number: 5041 citation: Dib, Sarah; Wells, J; Eaton, Simon; Fewtrell, M; (2022) A breastfeeding relaxation intervention promotes growth in late preterm and early term infants: results from a randomized controlled trial. Nutrients , 14 (23) , Article 5041. 10.3390/nu14235041 <https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14235041>. Green open access document_url: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10159972/1/Eaton_nutrients-14-05041-v3.pdf