eprintid: 10159924 rev_number: 6 eprint_status: archive userid: 699 dir: disk0/10/15/99/24 datestamp: 2022-11-22 11:44:35 lastmod: 2022-11-22 11:44:35 status_changed: 2022-11-22 11:44:35 type: article metadata_visibility: show sword_depositor: 699 creators_name: Rook, Graham AW title: Evolution, the Immune System, and the Health Consequences of Socioeconomic Inequality ispublished: pub divisions: UCL divisions: B02 divisions: C10 divisions: D15 keywords: brain development, evolutionary biology, immune dysfunction, immune regulation, microbiota, socioeconomic status note: © 2022 Rook. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). abstract: Healthy development and function of essentially all physiological systems and organs, including the brain, require exposure to the microbiota of our mothers and of the natural environment, especially in early life. We also know that some infections, if we survive them, modulate the immune system in relevant ways. If we study the evolution of the immune and metabolic systems, we can understand how these requirements developed and the nature of the organisms that we need to encounter. We can then begin to identify the mechanisms of the beneficial effects of these exposures. Against this evolutionary background, we can analyze the ways in which the modern urban lifestyle, particularly for individuals experiencing low socioeconomic status (SES), results in deficient or distorted microbial exposures and microbiomes. Thus, an evolutionary approach facilitates the identification of practical solutions to the growing scandal of health disparities linked to inequality. date: 2022-04-26 date_type: published publisher: AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY official_url: http://doi.org/10.1128/msystems.01438-21 oa_status: green full_text_type: pub language: eng primo: open primo_central: open_green verified: verified_manual elements_id: 1945706 doi: 10.1128/msystems.01438-21 medium: Print-Electronic lyricists_name: Rook, Graham lyricists_id: GAWRO15 actors_name: Rook, Graham actors_id: GAWRO15 actors_role: owner full_text_status: public publication: mSystems volume: 7 number: 2 article_number: e01438-21 pages: 17 event_location: United States citation: Rook, Graham AW; (2022) Evolution, the Immune System, and the Health Consequences of Socioeconomic Inequality. mSystems , 7 (2) , Article e01438-21. 10.1128/msystems.01438-21 <https://doi.org/10.1128/msystems.01438-21>. Green open access document_url: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10159924/1/Rook_mSystems_SES%20health%20deficit%20microbiota_22.pdf