@article{discovery10156178,
           title = {Associations between sociodemographic characteristics and receipt of professional diagnosis in Common Mental Disorder: Results from the Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey 2014},
            year = {2022},
          volume = {319},
       publisher = {Elsevier BV},
            note = {Copyright {\copyright} 2022 The Authors. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)},
           pages = {112--118},
         journal = {Journal of Affective Disorders},
           month = {December},
        keywords = {Diagnosis, Common Mental Disorders, Ethnicity, Age, Gender},
        abstract = {BACKGROUND: Many people with Common Mental Disorders (CMDs), especially men, people from older age groups, and ethnic minority backgrounds, receive no treatment. Self-acknowledgement of mental illness symptoms, and a professional diagnosis are usually required to access treatment. To understand barriers, we therefore tested whether these groups were relatively less likely to self-diagnose a CMD, or to receive a professional diagnosis. METHODS: We analysed data from the 2014 English Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey (APMS). We used regression models to examine whether gender, age, and minority ethnic status were associated with professional and self-diagnosis, after controlling for CMD symptoms. RESULTS: 27.3 \% of the population reported a professional and self-diagnosis of CMD, 15.9 \% a self- diagnosis only, and the remainder no diagnosis. Odds of professional diagnosis were lower for men compared with women (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 0.54, 95 \% confidence intervals [CI] 0.47-0.62). People from White Other (0.49, 0.36-0.67), Black (0.31, 0.18-0.51), and Asian (0.22, 0.15-0.33) groups were less likely than the White British group to receive a professional diagnosis. The least likely age group to have a professional CMD diagnosis (relative to adults aged 16-34) were people aged over 75 (0.52, 0.39-0.69). Patterns were similar for self-diagnosis. LIMITATIONS: Ethnicity categories were heterogeneous. Data are cross-sectional, and selection and response bias are possible. CONCLUSIONS: For every three people who self-diagnose CMD, two have a professional diagnosis. Men, ethnic minority, and older age groups are less likely to receive a diagnosis or self-diagnose after adjustment for presence of symptoms.},
             url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2022.09.085},
          author = {Bogdanova, Nadezhda and Cooper, Claudia and Ahmad, Gargie and McManus, Sally and Shoham, Natalie}
}