eprintid: 10153692 rev_number: 8 eprint_status: archive userid: 699 dir: disk0/10/15/36/92 datestamp: 2022-08-12 10:45:24 lastmod: 2023-07-02 06:10:47 status_changed: 2022-08-12 10:45:24 type: article metadata_visibility: show sword_depositor: 699 creators_name: Kubitza, Niels creators_name: Reitz, Andreas creators_name: Zieschang, Anne-Marie creators_name: Pazniak, Hanna creators_name: Albert, Barbara creators_name: Kalha, Curran creators_name: Schlueter, Christoph creators_name: Regoutz, Anna creators_name: Wiedwald, Ulf creators_name: Birkel, Christina S title: From MAX Phase Carbides to Nitrides: Synthesis of V₂GaC, V₂GaN, and the Carbonitride V₂GaC₁-ₓNₓ ispublished: pub divisions: C06 divisions: F56 divisions: B04 divisions: UCL keywords: Granular materials, Inorganic carbon compounds, Nitrides Precursors X-rays note: This version is the author accepted manuscript. For information on re-use, please refer to the publisher's terms and conditions. abstract: The research in MAX phases is mainly concentrated on the investigation of carbides rather than nitrides (currently >150 carbides and only <15 nitrides) that are predominantly synthesized by conventional solid-state techniques. This is not surprising since the preparation of nitrides and carbonitrides is more demanding due to the high stability and low diffusion rate of nitrogen-containing compounds. This leads to several drawbacks concerning potential variations in the chemical composition of the MAX phases as well as control of morphology, the two aspects that directly affect the resulting materials properties. Here, we report how alternative solid-state hybrid techniques solve these limitations by combining conventional techniques with nonconventional precursor synthesis methods, such as the “urea–glass” sol–gel or liquid ammonia method. We demonstrate the synthesis and morphology control within the V–Ga–C–N system by preparing the MAX phase carbide and nitride─the latter in the form of bulkier and more defined smaller particle structures─as well as a hitherto unknown carbonitride V₂GaC₁-ₓNₓ MAX phase. This shows the versatility of hybrid methods starting, for example, from wet chemically obtained precursors that already contain all of the ingredients needed for carbonitride formation. All products are characterized in detail by X-ray powder diffraction, electron microscopy, and electron and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies to confirm their structure and morphology and to detect subtle differences between the different chemical compositions. date: 2022-07-18 date_type: published publisher: American Chemical Society official_url: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00200 oa_status: green full_text_type: other language: eng primo: open primo_central: open_green verified: verified_manual elements_id: 1964171 doi: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00200 medium: Print-Electronic lyricists_name: Regoutz, Anna lyricists_name: Kalha, Curran lyricists_id: AREGO48 lyricists_id: CKALH93 actors_name: Flynn, Bernadette actors_id: BFFLY94 actors_role: owner funding_acknowledgements: CRC/TRR 270 [Deutsche Forschungsge-meinschaft (DFG)]; 405553726 [Deutsche Forschungsge-meinschaft (DFG)]; 456639820 [Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft]; RI_00313 [Interdisciplinary Center for Analytics on the Nanoscale (ICAN) of the University of Duisburg-Essen]; 233512597 [Interdisciplinary Center for Analytics on the Nanoscale (ICAN) of the University of Duisburg-Essen]; 324659309 [Interdisciplinary Center for Analytics on the Nanoscale (ICAN) of the University of Duisburg-Essen]; [Analytical Chemistry Trust Fund]; [Department of Chemistry, UCL] full_text_status: public publication: Inorganic Chemistry volume: 61 number: 28 pagerange: 10634-10641 pages: 8 event_location: United States citation: Kubitza, Niels; Reitz, Andreas; Zieschang, Anne-Marie; Pazniak, Hanna; Albert, Barbara; Kalha, Curran; Schlueter, Christoph; ... Birkel, Christina S; + view all <#> Kubitza, Niels; Reitz, Andreas; Zieschang, Anne-Marie; Pazniak, Hanna; Albert, Barbara; Kalha, Curran; Schlueter, Christoph; Regoutz, Anna; Wiedwald, Ulf; Birkel, Christina S; - view fewer <#> (2022) From MAX Phase Carbides to Nitrides: Synthesis of V₂GaC, V₂GaN, and the Carbonitride V₂GaC₁-ₓNₓ. Inorganic Chemistry , 61 (28) pp. 10634-10641. 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00200 <https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00200>. Green open access document_url: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10153692/1/From%20MAX%20Phase%20Carbides%20to%20Nitrides.pdf