TY - JOUR A1 - Mehrin, Syeda Fardina A1 - Hasan, Mohammed Imrul A1 - Tofail, Fahmida A1 - Shiraji, Shamima A1 - Ridout, Deborah A1 - Grantham-McGregor, Sally A1 - Hamadani, Jena D A1 - Baker-Henningham, Helen KW - Child development KW - integrating into government services KW - low- and middle-income countries KW - malnutrition KW - parenting KW - primary health care JF - Frontiers in Pediatrics PB - Frontiers Media SA UR - https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2022.886542 N2 - Background: Over 250 million children globally do not reach their developmental potential. We tested whether integrating a group-based, early childhood parenting program into government healthcare clinics improved children's development, growth, and behavior. Methods: We conducted a cluster-randomized controlled trial in 40 community clinics in the Kishorganj district of Bangladesh. We randomly assigned clinics (1:1) to deliver a group-based parenting interventions or to a comparison group that received no intervention. Participants were children aged 5-24 months, with weight-for-age z-score of ? -1.5 SDs of the WHO standards, living within a thirty-minute walking distance from the clinic (n = 419 intervention, 366 control). Government health staff facilitated parenting sessions in the clinic with groups of four mother/child dyads fortnightly for one year as part of their routine duties. Primary outcomes measured at baseline and endline were child development assessed using the Bayley scales, child behaviors during the test by tester ratings, and child growth. The trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02208531. Findings: 91% of children were tested at endline (396 intervention, 319 control). Multilevel analyses showed significant benefits of intervention to child cognition (effect size 0.85 SDs, 95% CI: 0.59, 1.11), language (0.69 SDs, 0.43, 0.94), and motor development (0.52 SDs, 0.31, 0.73), and to child behaviors during the test (ranging from 0.36 SDs, 0.14, 0.58, to 0.53 SDs, 0.35, 0.71). There were no significant effects on growth. Conclusion: A scalable parenting intervention, integrated into existing government health services and implemented by government health staff, led to significant benefits to child development and behavior. ID - discovery10151899 N1 - This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third-party material in this article are included in the Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ AV - public Y1 - 2022/06/10/ VL - 10 TI - Integrating a Group-Based, Early Childhood Parenting Intervention Into Primary Health Care Services in Rural Bangladesh: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial ER -