TY  - JOUR
VL  - 119
N1  - This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images
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PB  - NATL ACAD SCIENCES
A1  - Gatti, Roberto Cazzolla
A1  - Reich, Peter B
A1  - Gamarra, Javier GP
A1  - Crowther, Tom
A1  - Hui, Cang
A1  - Morera, Albert
A1  - Bastin, Jean-Francois
A1  - de-Miguel, Sergio
A1  - Nabuurs, Gert-Jan
A1  - Svenning, Jens-Christian
A1  - Serra-Diaz, Josep M
A1  - Merow, Cory
A1  - Enquist, Brian
A1  - Kamenetsky, Maria
A1  - Lee, Junho
A1  - Zhu, Jun
A1  - Fang, Jinyun
A1  - Jacobs, Douglass F
A1  - Pijanowski, Bryan
A1  - Banerjee, Arindam
A1  - Giaquinto, Robert A
A1  - Alberti, Giorgio
A1  - Almeyda Zambrano, Angelica Maria
A1  - Alvarez-Davila, Esteban
A1  - Araujo-Murakami, Alejandro
A1  - Avitabile, Valerio
A1  - Aymard, Gerardo A
A1  - Balazy, Radomir
A1  - Baraloto, Chris
A1  - Barroso, Jorcely G
A1  - Bastian, Meredith L
A1  - Birnbaum, Philippe
A1  - Bitariho, Robert
A1  - Bogaert, Jan
A1  - Bongers, Frans
A1  - Bouriaud, Olivier
A1  - Brancalion, Pedro HS
A1  - Brearley, Francis Q
A1  - Broadbent, Eben North
A1  - Bussotti, Filippo
A1  - Castro da Silva, Wendeson
A1  - Gomes Cesar, Ricardo
A1  - Cesljar, Goran
A1  - Moscoso, Victor Chama
A1  - Chen, Han YH
A1  - Cienciala, Emil
A1  - Clark, Connie J
A1  - Coomes, David A
A1  - Dayanandan, Selvadurai
A1  - Decuyper, Mathieu
A1  - Dee, Laura E
A1  - Del Aguila Pasquel, Jhon
A1  - Derroire, Geraldine
A1  - Djuikouo, Marie Noel Kamdem
A1  - Tran, Van Do
A1  - Dolezal, Jiri
A1  - Dordevic, Ilija D
A1  - Engel, Julien
A1  - Fayle, Tom M
A1  - Feldpausch, Ted R
A1  - Fridman, Jonas K
A1  - Harris, David J
A1  - Hemp, Andreas
A1  - Hengeveld, Geerten
A1  - Herault, Bruno
A1  - Herold, Martin
A1  - Ibanez, Thomas
A1  - Jagodzinski, Andrzej M
A1  - Jaroszewicz, Bogdan
A1  - Jeffery, Kathryn J
A1  - Johannsen, Vivian Kvist
A1  - Jucker, Tommaso
A1  - Kangur, Ahto
A1  - Karminov, Victor N
A1  - Kartawinata, Kuswata
A1  - Kennard, Deborah K
A1  - Kepfer-Rojas, Sebastian
A1  - Keppel, Gunnar
A1  - Khan, Mohammed Latif
A1  - Khare, Pramod Kumar
A1  - Kileen, Timothy J
A1  - Kim, Hyun Seok
A1  - Korjus, Henn
A1  - Kumar, Amit
A1  - Kumar, Ashwani
A1  - Laarmann, Diana
A1  - Labriere, Nicolas
A1  - Lang, Mait
A1  - Lewis, Simon L
A1  - Lukina, Natalia
A1  - Maitner, Brian S
A1  - Malhi, Yadvinder
A1  - Marshall, Andrew R
A1  - Martynenko, Olga V
A1  - Mendoza, Abel L Monteagudo
A1  - Ontikov, Petr V
A1  - Ortiz-Malavasi, Edgar
A1  - Camacho, Nadir C Pallqui
A1  - Paquette, Alain
A1  - Park, Minjee
A1  - Parthasarathy, Narayanaswamy
A1  - Peri, Pablo Luis
A1  - Petronelli, Pascal
A1  - Pfautsch, Sebastian
A1  - Phillips, Oliver L
A1  - Picard, Nicolas
A1  - Piotto, Daniel
A1  - Poorter, Lourens
A1  - Poulsen, John R
A1  - Pretzsch, Hans
A1  - Ramirez-Angulo, Hirma
A1  - Correa, Zorayda Restrepo
A1  - Rodeghiero, Mirco
A1  - Gonzales, Rocio Del Pilar Rojas
A1  - Rolim, Samir G
A1  - Rovero, Francesco
A1  - Rutishauser, Ervan
A1  - Saikia, Purabi
A1  - Salas-Eljatib, Christian
A1  - Schepaschenko, Dmitry
A1  - Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael
A1  - Seben, Vladimir
A1  - Silveira, Marcos
A1  - Slik, Ferry
A1  - Sonke, Bonaventure
A1  - Souza, Alexandre F
A1  - Sterenczak, Krzysztof Jan
A1  - Svoboda, Miroslav
A1  - Taedoumg, Hermann
A1  - Tchebakova, Nadja
A1  - Terborgh, John
A1  - Tikhonova, Elena
A1  - Torres-Lezama, Armando
A1  - van der Plas, Fons
A1  - Vasquez, Rodolfo
A1  - Viana, Helder
A1  - Vibrans, Alexander C
A1  - Vilanova, Emilio
A1  - Vos, Vincent A
A1  - Wang, Hua-Feng
A1  - Westerlund, Bertil
A1  - White, Lee JT
A1  - Wiser, Susan K
A1  - Zawila-Niedzwiecki, Tomasz
A1  - Zemagho, Lise
A1  - Zhu, Zhi-Xin
A1  - Zo-Bi, Irie C
A1  - Liang, Jingjing
JF  - Proceedings of The National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (PNAS)
KW  - Science & Technology
KW  -  Multidisciplinary Sciences
KW  -  Science & Technology - Other Topics
KW  -  biodiversity
KW  -  forests
KW  -  hyperdominance
KW  -  rarity
KW  -  richness
KW  -  BIODIVERSITY
KW  -  RICHNESS
KW  -  DIVERSITY
KW  -  SAMPLE
KW  -  PATTERNS
KW  -  HETEROGENEITY
KW  -  COMPLETENESS
KW  -  ABUNDANCE
KW  -  COVERAGE
KW  -  ECOLOGY
AV  - public
Y1  - 2022/01/31/
TI  - The number of tree species on Earth
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2115329119
EP  - 11
ID  - discovery10149177
IS  - 6
N2  - One of the most fundamental questions in ecology is how many species inhabit the Earth. However, due to massive logistical and financial challenges and taxonomic difficulties connected to the species concept definition, the global numbers of species, including those of important and well-studied life forms such as trees, still remain largely unknown. Here, based on global ground-sourced data, we estimate the total tree species richness at global, continental, and biome levels. Our results indicate that there are ?73,000 tree species globally, among which ?9,000 tree species are yet to be discovered. Roughly 40% of undiscovered tree species are in South America. Moreover, almost one-third of all tree species to be discovered may be rare, with very low populations and limited spatial distribution (likely in remote tropical lowlands and mountains). These findings highlight the vulnerability of global forest biodiversity to anthropogenic changes in land use and climate, which disproportionately threaten rare species and thus, global tree richness.
ER  -