TY - INPR UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ISBI52829.2022.9761453 A1 - Li, Yiwen A1 - Fu, Yunguan A1 - Yang, Qianye A1 - Min, Zhe A1 - Yan, Wen A1 - Huisman, Henkjan A1 - Prisacariu, Victor Adrian A1 - Barratt, Dean A1 - Hu, Yipeng N2 - The ability to adapt medical image segmentation networks for a novel class such as an unseen anatomical or pathological structure, when only a few labelled examples of this class are available from local healthcare providers, is sought-after. This potentially addresses two widely recognised limitations in deploying modern deep learning models to clinical practice, expertise-and-labour-intensive labelling and cross-institution generalisation. This work presents the first 3D few-shot interclass segmentation network for medical images, using a labelled multi-institution dataset from prostate cancer patients with eight regions of interest. We propose an image alignment module registering the predicted segmentation of both query and support data, in a standard prototypical learning algorithm, to a reference atlas space. The built-in registration mechanism can effectively utilise the prior knowledge of consistent anatomy between subjects, regardless whether they are from the same institution or not. Experimental results demonstrated that the proposed registration-assisted prototypical learning significantly improved segmentation accuracy (p-values<0.01) on query data from a holdout institution, with varying availability of support data from multiple institutions. We also report the additional benefits of the proposed 3D networks with 75% fewer parameters and an arguably simpler implementation, compared with existing 2D few-shot approaches that segment 2D slices of volumetric medical images. AV - public KW - eess.IV KW - eess.IV KW - cs.CV ID - discovery10146183 CY - Kolkata, India N1 - This version is the author accepted manuscript. For information on re-use, please refer to the publisher?s terms and conditions. PB - IEEE TI - Few-shot image segmentation for cross-institution male pelvic organs using registration-assisted prototypical learning Y1 - 2022/03/28/ ER -